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美媒揭北极探险军舰失踪之谜:或发生人吃人惨剧

2016-12-12 05:30:07   参考消息网

参考消息网12月12日报道美国《华盛顿邮报》网站11月27日发表题为《神秘失踪的军舰——英国“恐怖”号和“埃里伯斯”号在北极显现新线索》的文章,摘要如下:

近200年前,2艘英国海军军舰载着134人起航,去寻找传说中的“西北航道”,即通过北极将欧洲与东方连接在一起的一条贸易航线。他们再也没有回来。在北极的土著居民——因纽特人当中流传着这样的故事:3桅船陷入冰中,船员受到坏血病和饥饿的折磨,最终打破了人类最大的禁忌:人吃人。

描绘英国“恐怖”号和“埃里伯斯”号在北极探险的画作。

为大英帝国王冠再添宝石

尽管人们展开了搜寻,2艘军舰踪迹全无。直到2014年,出现了关于这支探险队的首个线索,当时潜水员确定了一处沉船的位置,并确认这就是“埃里伯斯”号。10月,这个谜团的第2大要素也有了线索,一名因纽特民兵和一个探险队宣布,他们已经确定了“恐怖”号在“西北航道”海底的位置,它几乎保留着原样,而且距离“埃里伯斯”号沉没的地方不远。

从这两艘船失踪以及最后被发现这件事可以看出,在短短几十年里,北极以及我们与这一边疆地区的关系发生了巨大的变化。这里的冰层已经不再是过去的冰层;科学家认为,到本世纪中叶甚至更早的时候,北极的冰面就将消失,从而让这里成为可以航行的区域。今年,一艘载着1000多名游客的邮轮首次在北美大陆以北的洋面航行。

如今北极的气候条件与探险队员在19世纪中叶,也就是大英帝国鼎盛时期所面临的气候条件相比,可以用温暖惬意来形容。当年,英国海军部请59岁的北极探险家约翰·富兰克林在北方寻找一条连接大西洋与太平洋的海上通道。

谁也不能确定是否真的存在这样一条通道,不过找到它的话将会成为大英帝国王冠上的又一颗宝石。据约翰·盖格和阿兰娜·米切尔合写的《富兰克林的遗落之舰》一书说,欧洲人那时认为这个世界是完美并对称的。探险人员此前在南非以南发现了一条连接大西洋和太平洋的通道。因此,人们推断,在北方肯定也存在一条类似的通道。

加拿大极冰署的物理学家汤姆·扎贡说,富兰克林知道如何穿越冰层航行。他挑选了2艘军舰(“埃里伯斯”号和“恐怖”号)来完成这次航行,并用铁皮对船体进行了加固,以便让它们经受住冰层的挤压。他在船上储存了可以吃上3年的罐头食品,以防这次航行所需的时间超出预定的两年。

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