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科学家发现37亿年前生物化石 刷新地球古老生命记录

2016-09-02 16:18:07   中国日报网

科学家近日发现距今约37亿年的微生物菌席的化石。(图片来源:《华盛顿邮报》)

中国日报网9月1日电 据《华盛顿邮报》8月31日报道,科学家发现距今约37亿年的微生物菌席的化石。如果得到确认,这将是地球历史上最古老的生物化石,把原有记录提前超过2亿年。研究如果属实,就意味着生命在地球形成不久后就产生了,并且在宇宙中广泛存在。

澳大利亚伍伦贡大学的地质学家艾伦·那特曼(Allen Nutman)自19世纪80年代起研究地质。2012年7月,他所在的研究团队在格陵兰岛伊苏亚意外发现长约1至4厘米的微生物菌席化石,看起来像叠层石。后续的实验室分析发现,这些化石已有大约37亿年的历史。如果确认无误,这将创造地球上最古老生命迹象的新纪录,比此前在西澳大利亚发现的、大约35亿年前左右的叠层石还要早2亿年左右。

有关研究成果已于8月31日在《自然》杂志上发表。

地球形成于大约45亿年前,如果37亿年前地球上就有生命,可能意味着生命在宇宙中广泛存在。

加州大学洛杉矶分校的古生物学家舍普夫评论认为,如果本次研究成果属实,地球早期就有生命的话,可能意味着,宇宙各个星球上出现生命都是稀松平常的事。他说:“最起码在像地球这样的星球上,生命的起源要快得多,也比你想象的容易得多。如果一切属实,生命应该在宇宙中大量存在,因为宇宙中有很多类地行星。”

古生物相关的研究证据的公布难免会存在争议。美国航空航天局(NASA)喷气推进实验室的地质学家阿比盖尔·奥尔伍德表示,本次研究所得结论非同小可,但多条证据脉络却没有理想中的那么清晰。

奥尔伍德说,“它们可能真的是生物,但也很难否定它们是由海水中局部矿物质沉淀而成的可能性。要是在火星上发现这些,我们会插根旗子,宣布我们在火星上找到生命了吗?我觉得不会,但是我们肯定会非常兴奋,继续探寻更多信息。”

面对质疑,那特曼说:“我们预料到将会有一些激烈的争论。科学就是这样。肯定会有人提出不同的假设,但我认为,我们已经考虑到了所有的可能性。”

责任编辑:孙成祥 cn083
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