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全球二氧化碳监测科学实验卫星发射成功

2016-12-22 04:10:59   

原标题:“千里眼”如何“看”二氧化碳?——详解我国首颗碳卫星

新华社酒泉12月22日电题:“千里眼”如何“看”二氧化碳?——详解我国首颗碳卫星

新华社记者董瑞丰

12月22日3时22分,我国在酒泉卫星发射中心成功发射全球二氧化碳监测科学实验卫星。这是我国首颗、全球第三颗专门用于“看”全球大气中二氧化碳含量的卫星。

太空中怎么能“看”到二氧化碳?“看”到了二氧化碳又有什么用?这颗卫星还带了哪些“高精尖”科技?记者采访相关专家,揭开碳卫星的神秘面纱。

“千里眼”看颜色识气体

从厚厚包裹着地球的大气层中,识别出哪些气体是二氧化碳,还要画出一张张“动态图”——碳卫星需要安上特制的“千里眼”。

本次发射的碳卫星,搭载了一台高光谱与高空间分辨率二氧化碳探测仪。这台探测仪的工作原理,是在可见光和近红外谱段,利用分子吸收谱线探测二氧化碳浓度。

用通俗的话说,就是通过看“颜色”来识别二氧化碳气体。中科院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所研究员郑玉权解释,太阳光经过空气时,空气中的二氧化碳分子对许多精细的颜色有了不同程度吸收。通过光学仪器对这些色彩进行非常精准的测量,可以反向推算出二氧化碳分子数量,从而得知大气中的二氧化碳浓度。

碳卫星项目要求大气中二氧化碳的浓度监测精度优于4ppm(百万分比浓度),即是说,当大气中二氧化碳含量变化超过百万分之四时,“千里眼”就必须发现。

长春光机所助理研究员蔺超说,长春光机所为此制造了大面积衍射光栅,相当于在头发丝的宽度上划出200余条形状和直线度要求很高的刻线,“这样的精密元件,如同细密梳子,才能过滤出更为精细的色彩”。

地面观测点也能搜集大气中的二氧化碳数据,为什么还要发射卫星?碳卫星工程地面应用系统总设计师杨忠东说,全球二氧化碳地面观测站点总共仅有数百个,难以满足监测需求,只有用卫星俯瞰,才能绘制二氧化碳分布的全景图。

“碳排放”要有中国数据

掌握全球的二氧化碳分布状况有什么用?科技部国家遥感中心总工程师李加洪说,在碳排放数据上知己知彼,对提升我国在国际气候变化方面的话语权具有重要意义。

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