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德机构“喊话”欧盟:尽快承认中国市场经济地位

2016-07-13 07:06:51   环球时报

近日,德国权威经济研究机构慕尼黑IFO经济研究所公布了其提交给欧洲议会的一份报告,向欧盟传递了一个重要信号:应尽快考虑承认中国市场经济地 位。专家指出,中国已经具备市场经济条件,承认中国市场经济地位是大势所趋,欧盟早日承认这一点对中欧双方都是好事。而且,欧盟应该清楚,即便不承认中国 市场经济地位,也要按规定在今年12月11日终止在对华反倾销调查中使用“替代国”做法。

欧盟不少做法矛盾突显

长期以来,欧盟内部存在一种担忧:承认中国市场经济地位,欧盟将失去反倾销的“筹码”。此次慕尼黑IFO报告对此作出了回应:尽管“承认”中国“市场经济地位”意味着降低反倾销税率,但这么做本身并不会降低欧盟对倾销行为的防御能力。

事实上,虽然欧盟依赖“不承认中国市场经济地位”的做法,对中国进行了多项反倾销措施,但其问题与矛盾却显而易见。报告指出,截至2014年底,欧盟尚在生效的51项针对中国的反倾销措施仅仅涉及到欧盟同中国双边贸易总量的不到2%,但欧盟为了上述不到2%的欧中贸易总量所设置的反倾销措施占了现有反倾销措施总数的47%。

此外,针对德国、意大利、法国和西班牙等国频频支持对中国钢铁、化工等行业发起反倾销,报告指出,并没有明确的证据显示所谓“中国低成本优势或者倾销行为”真的存在。

“欧盟之所以会有这么多矛盾的做法,主要还是受贸易保护主义的影响,特别是面对中国有竞争力的产品,欧盟似乎只会拿‘不承认中国市场经济地位’作为他们反倾销的借口。此外,部分利益集团的‘束缚’也阻碍着欧盟作出正确的决定。”国家发改委对外经济研究所国际合作室主任张建平在接受本报记者采访时说。

在张建平看来,由于慕尼黑IFO是应欧洲议会要求向其提交报告,报告能指出这些问题也反映出当前欧盟内部不少国家还是支持承认中国市场经济地位的,这将有助于欧盟在这一问题上作出更加明智的决定。

慕尼黑IFO是德国一家独立的、权威性很强的经济研究所,其发表的商业景气指数、德国经济景气预测和经济政策建议等成果受到德国乃至世界各国政府的重视。

中国具备市场经济条件

欧盟一直不愿承认中国市场经济地位,他们依据的到底是什么标准?对外经济贸易大学法学院教授陈卫东指出,在世界贸易组织(WTO)中,并没有一个关于某个经济体是市场经济还是非市场经济,从而采取不同待遇的条款。欧美说中国是非市场经济,其实他们依据的不是WTO条款,而是欧美等国的国内法。

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