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商务部原副部长:该敲打欧盟但不让它走到美日一边

2016-05-16 07:46:30   

魏建国:该敲打欧盟,让它更清醒点

欧洲议会近日通过反对承认中国市场经济地位的非立法性决议,让一些对中欧关系抱负责任态度的人感到担心。

根据中国加入世贸组织(WTO)议定书第15条后继条款规定,所有世贸组织成员在对中国出口产品反倾销调查中所采用的替代国办法必须在今年12月11日完全终止。在此之前,由于中国不是完全市场经济国家,其他国家在对中国出口商品反倾销时,可以用替代国办法判定中国产品是不是低成本倾销,对中国产品进行高关税封杀。据统计,从1979年至今,全球共有34个国家对中国产品发起近700次反倾销和反补贴,给中国带来近4000亿美元的损失。其他国家动辄使用这一条款,“塑造”了中国制造在国际市场上的负面形象,在一定程度上抵消了中国改革开放的努力。

发展市场经济是中国经济改革的核心。中国需要市场经济,更需要市场经济下的法治经济。对中国来说,走市场经济之路不仅必要,而且迫切,不是为了得到别人承认,而首先是为了发展自己。纵观中国改革开放以来所走过的路程,正是市场经济使中国成为全球第一大贸易国。在中国已取得市场经济的“硕士”甚至“博士学位”时,还让中国出示“小学毕业”证明,简直可笑。

当前有些欧洲人认为,中国对不能获得完全市场经济地位感到着急焦虑。实际上,着急焦虑的反而是欧洲自己。欧盟是中国的第一大贸易伙伴,内部一直考虑及早承认中国市场经济地位为好。欧洲议会内部也不是铁板一块,英国、丹麦、荷兰积极要求承认中国市场经济地位,而德法及新加入的东欧国家出于国内政治考虑,在这个问题上唱反调。他们对中国政治经济上的日益强盛有种恐惧,也为本国经济复苏缓慢、产能过剩、劳动失业等一大堆问题挠头,拉中国垫背,堵塞应付国内政治上的压力,把中国市场经济地位问题政治化。

欧盟应该及早放弃这种想法,向俄罗斯、东盟和新加坡学习。全世界有88个国家承认中国市场经济地位,这是对中国改革开放之路的认可。给予中国市场经济地位对欧盟也是有好处的,中国更多进口欧洲产品,更多的中国投资者到欧洲投资,对欧洲经济复苏进程是一剂靠得住的良药。

当然,我们大可不必为了别国承不承认伤脑筋,只要认准市场经济这条路,把更多精力投入到建设市场经济和法治经济中去。到时候,那些人最终会为没有及时承认中国市场经济地位而后悔。

欧洲议会的决议宣布后,中国国内普遍比较气愤,赞成敲打欧盟的声音比较多。应该敲打欧盟,但目的是把欧盟拉过来,不让它走到美日一边。一个友好的欧洲对中国有重要意义,中欧双方下一步合作潜力巨大。“以牙还牙”也不符合中国对外开放的精神。美国的确在中欧背后搞小动作,试图阻挠中国发展经济,但欧盟内部大部分人是清醒的,我们应该多做工作,争取大多数,提醒欧盟不要中了人家的套。

2017年有可能是世界贸易保护主义最盛行的一年。美日欧都在走向贸易保护主义,美国将从自由贸易的旗手,跌落成强势的贸易保护主义者,今后它将不能再提贸易自由化,转而提贸易公平化。这对中国的进出口外贸以及建立全方位改革开放新体制的进程是不利的。

二次世界大战的经验告诉我们,贸易保护主义或导致世界经济几十年缓不过气。我们也不希望看到金融危机后世界再度陷入贸易保护主义泥潭,中国应高举起全球化、贸易投资自由化的大旗。中国只要在WTO框架下,就将坚持支持市场经济之路不变。(作者是商务部原副部长、中国国际经济交流中心副理事长)

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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