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匈牙利高压政策“奏效”:难民绕道、申根“告急”

2015-09-28 08:52:03   中国新闻网

中新社布达佩斯9月27日电题:匈牙利高压政策“奏效”:难民绕道、申根“告急”

10天前,布达佩斯火车东站门外,四处都是难民的帐篷与丢下的垃圾。10天后的9月27日,同样的地点,只有一张用阿拉伯文、英文与匈牙利文写的警告通知提醒着人们:这里曾经是难民聚集的焦点所在。

9月1日,匈牙利政府宣布取消所有从布达佩斯火车东站开往西欧的火车班次,造成数千名难民徒有车票却无法进入车站,警察与难民对峙的场面一度甚为混乱。9月27日,布达佩斯火车东站秩序井然,国际列车售票处恢复常态。

不只是布达佩斯火车东站,就连昔日成千上万难民徒步前往的匈塞边境小城勒斯凯,如今也都鲜见难民的踪影。

一直在跟踪难民的《匈牙利新导报》的李皓东告诉中新社记者:“难民好像在一夜之间就消失了。”

匈牙利总理奥尔班所奉行的高压政策暂时“奏效”,匈牙利不再是难民逃亡欧洲之路的重要节点。越来越多的难民绕开匈牙利,穿过塞尔维亚与克罗地亚的边境,然后通过斯洛文尼亚前往计划中的目的地奥地利、德国等西欧国家。

在限制难民方面,匈牙利一直在扮演“黑脸”的角色。该国国会9月21日通过法律修正案,规定在大规模移民引发的危机状态期间,国防军士兵在许多情况下可根据警察的法规执法,比如可以检查身份、搜身、检查包裹和车辆;可以参与外国人入境管理和边境车辆检查;可以封锁某一地区,禁止人员进出;可以指挥、限制公路交通等。

匈牙利的“黑脸”角色限制了难民的大量涌入,暂时“奏效”的高压政策极有可能为其他国家所效仿。克罗地亚内政部长奥斯托伊奇就表示,如果难民潮继续涌向克罗地亚,该国也将不得不考虑关闭与塞尔维亚的边界。

克罗地亚、塞尔维亚等都不是申根成员国,匈牙利在匈塞、匈克边境实施管控是理所当然的事情。同属申根“自由行”的匈牙利与斯洛文尼亚在两国边境线上竖起的铁丝网,却实实在在地拉响了欧盟申根区的“警报”。

法新社记者周末在匈牙利与斯洛文尼亚的边境小镇品斯(PINCE)捕捉到了匈牙利军人铺设铁丝网的画面,欧盟移民事务专员阿夫拉莫普洛斯特地就此事电话联系了匈牙利内政部长品特。

此前,匈牙利在匈塞、匈克边境实施管控,欧盟都表示了支持。但是,申根区内部竖起的这道铁丝网,正在冲击着欧洲一体化的重要基石。申根协议、欧元及单一市场是欧洲一体化的三大基石。加入申根协议的国家相互开放边境,人员无需签证可以自由流动。但出于安全原因,申根区的国家可以临时恢复对边境的管控。该协议实施以来,此类管控举措共实施过7次,但这是第一次因为难民压力而恢复控制。

欧洲政策中心主任伊夫·帕斯库奥在接受记者采访时指出,迫于难民大量涌入的压力,德国日前宣布恢复与奥地利之间的边境管制,重新实行边防检查。德国采取临时边境临时管控还说得过去。如今,匈牙利在与斯洛文尼亚的边境线上竖起铁丝网,无疑有些走得有些太远了。

波兰华沙大学欧洲问题研究中心教授博格丹·古拉尔赤克表示,如潮水般涌来的难民正以前所未有的力量冲击着欧洲一体化的基石。封锁边境充其量只能改变难民前进的路线,不能阻挡难民前进的步伐。只有从根本上扭转难民输出国的战乱局势,难民潮才有可能消退。

目前看来,匈牙利政府对难民所采取的高压政策初见成效,一道道铁丝网让难民绕道而行。但是,联合国难民署的数据显示,每天依旧有近八千名来自中东、北非战乱地区的难民涌入欧洲。要向真正地控制住难民潮,绝非简单竖起铁丝网就能解决。

(原标题:匈牙利高压政策“奏效”:难民绕道、申根“告急”)

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