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欧洲四国拒绝难民分摊计划 反对“道德帝国主义”

2015-09-24 11:23:49   环球网

【环球时报驻德国特约记者青木徐珍珍】欧盟22日在内政部长会议上罕见地以“多数票”方式强力通过分配12万难民的方案。捷克、斯洛伐克、罗马尼亚、匈牙利四个投反对票的国家对西欧国家,尤其是德国的“欺凌”表示不满。斯洛伐克总理菲佐23日表示,绝不执行摊派计划,将诉至欧洲法院。匈牙利总理欧尔班则说,拒绝接受德国在难民危机上的“道德帝国主义”。

据法新社报道,在欧盟23日的难民问题紧急峰会前一天,欧盟内政部长会议就转移安置12万难民达成一致。这一摊派方案采取“多数赞成票即通过”的方式,而非欧盟以往决策时采取的“全票通过”方式。东欧国家中只有波兰投票赞成;另外芬兰投了弃权票。英国广播公司(BBC)认为,在涉及国家主权问题上,欧盟采用“多数票通过”方式表决非同寻常。该难民安置计划表面上看是自愿性质的,其实成员国几乎没有选择。

中东欧国家对这一难民安置计划表示愤怒。捷克总统泽曼称,“未来将证明这是个错误”。斯洛伐克总理菲佐表示,此次投票在欧盟历史上是史无前例的,他不会服从投票结果。在拉脱维亚,数百人举行抗议活动,反对内政部长投票赞成难民分摊计划。

英国《卫报》称,西欧国家称赞这一投票结果。法国内政部长卡泽纳夫称之为“欧洲负责任和进步的证明”。德国则感谢波兰未像其他中东欧国家一样投票反对。路透社23日援引法国总统奥朗德的话说,拒绝执行计划的国家将承担后果。他说,欧盟可能暂停对这些国家的援助。他批评说,“你不能一边要求欧洲支援,一边拒绝欧洲的团结要求”。

《卫报》称,分摊计划分两个阶段进行,第一阶段将分别有1.56万名和5.04万名入境意大利和希腊的难民被转移安置到其他欧盟国家。一年后,再参照这一比例安置剩下的5.4万名入境意大利和希腊的难民。据BBC报道,欧盟将按照GDP的0.002%对拒绝执行该计划的成员国处以罚款。

欧盟首脑定于在23日的峰会上批准这一计划。主持本次内政部长会议的欧盟轮值主席国卢森堡外交大臣阿塞尔博恩称,他“毫不怀疑”投票反对的国家也将执行该计划。阿塞尔博恩表示,方案在有反对的情况下强行通过因为这是“紧急情况”。他说,如果欧盟不这么做,欧洲将面临更严重的分裂。

在分摊计划确定后,23日的欧盟紧急峰会聚焦加强维护外围边界,以及向土耳其、约旦、黎巴嫩和联合国机构提供额外援助等问题。欧盟委员会23日决定增加17亿欧元拨款,用于改进各国接收难民的紧急设施,并帮助不堪重负的国家。

赴峰会前,匈牙利总理欧尔班对德国巴伐利亚州进行了一次富有深意的访问。德国电视一台称,本周一和周二,巴伐利亚州首府慕尼黑又涌入5600名难民。该州州长泽霍夫所在的基社盟近来一直强烈批评默克尔的难民政策。欧尔班在巴伐利亚州被问及面对欧盟为难民潮“扭打”,希望默克尔做些什么的问题时回答说,最重要的是不要再强加“道德帝国主义”。

联合国认为欧盟应对难民危机还做得远远不够。BBC称,联合国难民事务高级专员办事处发言人萨米认为,欧盟的分配计划不足以解决难民危机。截至目前,已有48万难民抵达欧洲,但今后两年仅有12万难民得以安置。萨米敦促欧盟增加安置人数。

自匈牙利关闭边境后,涌入克罗地亚的难民人数持续上升。法新社称,22日一天,近9000难民进入该国境内,创下最高纪录。克罗地亚总理敦促塞尔维亚引导难民赴匈牙利和罗马尼亚,以减轻克罗地亚负担。但德国电视一台称,塞尔维亚外长达契奇指责克罗地亚因难民危机关闭边境口岸,称这是“贸易战”和“经济侵略”。

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