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数千八路军巧妙跳出日军平原包围 德国记者赞神奇

2016-10-25 16:23:23   新民晚报

1943年10月19日清晨,八路军太岳军区第2军分区第20团和第772团一部在反“扫荡”转移途中经过团城村,由于部队太过疲劳,指挥员周希汉决定就地宿营两小时,但要求“战士不能解背包,还要放好哨,东南两个山头要放小哨”。周希汉特别要求,在村东和村南三华里处各设一个紧急集合点,一旦有事,部队先到村东第一个集合点集合。随后,周希汉命令第772团第2连连长陈家贵在村西山头制高点布置一个排,并要求该连不能休息,作为机动部队。这些布置果然收到效果,团城村附近据点的日军寻迹包抄上来,没想到被八路军哨兵发现,不得不提早转入强攻,迅速进入战斗状态的八路军抢占制高点,遏制住日军攻势,坚持到夜间成功突围离去。一般情况下,突围部队在兵力、火力甚至天候、地形等作战要素上都处于弱势,仅靠官兵自发的求生本能是远远不够的。《孙子兵法》强调“围地则谋,死地则战”,意思是突围不仅需要“战”的勇气,还需要“谋”的水平,二者缺一不可。我敌后武装在突围时的谋略往往极为精妙,达到孙子所说的“故善动敌者,形之,敌必从之;予之,敌必取之”的程度,日军包围部队往往在我军声东击西、调虎离山等诸多计策中疲于奔命,最后露出破绽。

1941年11月5日,日军三万余人向沂南县留田村杀来,企图消灭山东八路军指挥机关。当天早上,留田周围均出现敌情,八路军第115师特务营在外围与日军激战,情况十分危急。15时许,山东八路军领导人罗荣桓决定从留田向南突围,这一决定令大家感到吃惊,要知道南面是日占区,敌人肯定有重兵截击。但罗荣桓指出,留田西面和东面都有密如蛛网的公路,日军早已布下“口袋”,同时日军主力正从北面压过来,倒是南面虽为日占区,但日军忙于围攻根据地,后方必定空虚,况且八路军主动打进日占区,肯定会让敌人猝不及防,迅速盘活战局。下定战斗决心后,罗荣桓命令部队做好突围准备,要求战士一律上刺刀,压满子弹,同时宣布严格的行动纪律,任何人不得自由行动,在突出合围圈之前,不许说话,不许咳嗽。当晚,数千名八路军战士利用敌人防区间隙,跋山涉水,巧妙地穿过三道日军封锁线,不费一枪一弹跳出包围圈,随行的德国记者汉斯·希伯将其赞誉为“无声的战斗”,称留田突围的指挥艺术“近乎神奇”。

而在1942年6月12日,冀中地区的八路军指挥机关被日军围困在南威县掌史村,八路军将领吕正操认为,村内的八路军虽有两千之众,但战斗人员不到一半,其余全是学员和后勤人员,不足以强行突围,遂决定就地固守,与敌打“蘑菇战”、“顶牛战”,坚守到天黑再行动。吕正操要求部队不许出击,敌人不到跟前不开枪,只准用步枪和手榴弹,紧急情况下才能用轻机枪,而且尽量点射,不要连发,没有上级许可不准使用重机枪和迫击炮,要故意示弱,让敌人摸不清底细。日军果然上当,以为面前不过是些“土八路”,仓促组织攻击,结果屡屡被八路军击退,期间八路军战士几次请求使用重武器,吕正操硬是压住不准用。到了夜里,吕正操率部突围,用迫击炮、轻重机枪等武器猛烈射击,将日军暴露在村外的火炮、重机枪悉数摧毁,被打蒙的敌人再也组织不了新的进攻,只好眼睁睁地看着八路军转移西去。

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