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数千八路军巧妙跳出日军平原包围 德国记者赞神奇

2016-10-25 16:23:23   新民晚报

■ 八路军警戒哨严密监视敌人动向

■ 八路军举行战前动员随着中共领导的敌后武装逐渐壮大,日本侵略者感到芒刺在背,急欲除之而后快。

1938年10月,日军占领武汉,随即改变战略,对正面的国民党军采取政治诱降为主、军事进攻为辅的“制压作战”,集中主要兵力对八路军等敌后武装力量实施“治安作战”。为了消灭抗日根据地,日军加大“扫荡”力度,使用兵力超过50万,进攻手段经常翻新。

在这种情况下,敌后武装难免遭遇有些部队被敌人包围的情况。在抗战正面战场上,国民党军被日军包围后旋即崩溃的例子比比皆是,但始终与优势日军作战的人民军队,却在突围作战方面颇有心得,加之长期残酷的斗争现实,更使敌后武装磨练出一套突出重围的看家本领,屡屡创下成功脱险的精彩之作。

沉着冷静 有备无患

抗战期间,敌后武装一直保持着高度警惕性,八路军第129师师长刘伯承明确要求:“(各级指挥部)应经常进行备战的组织工作,……平时即假想各种敌情,看好各方地形,预定使用游击队、民兵、自卫队的战法,并进行演习。”对于部队宿营地的选择和警备,新四军名将粟裕在《游击战术讲授提纲》中专门提到:“进入营舍前,应首先断绝营区四周的交通,封锁消息,选择营舍,以便于应战、便于出入的独立砖瓦房为宜。……在敌情紧张时,应特别加强警戒,派遣化装侦察,设置潜伏哨。”他还指出:“游击队处在敌人后方,随时有被敌人袭击的可能,应随时作好战斗准备。”

1942年5月,日军在华北发起残酷的“五一大扫荡”,八路军冀中军区第22团分散行动,其中团部带着两个连转移到群众基础好、有地道作为依托的宋庄。6月8日夜,八路军一到宋庄,就着手修筑工事,不仅把路口堵死,把每个院落打通,还迅速从村里到村外筑起三道工事,把这里变成处处相连、火力交叉的防御堡垒,第22团首长还提出“多挖一锄头,少挨一块炸弹皮”的口号。9日晨,工事修筑完毕,八路军干部实地勘察,布置应急的战斗方案,以防日军突袭。没想到布置刚一完毕,警戒哨就传来消息:“村东北发现日军骑兵。” 此时是6月9日晨7时30分。战后了解,该部日军是由第26师团参谋军官组成的“战地参观团”以及护卫步骑兵,人数有300多人。双方交火后,八路军依托既有工事,予敌重大杀伤,此后周围的日伪军大量增援,攻打宋庄的兵力增至2500余人。八路军与敌逐屋争夺,激战16小时,终于拖到晚上日军停止进攻。午夜时分,八路军分路突围而去。此战歼敌400余人,八路军仅伤亡70余人,这正是战备意识强带来的好处。

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