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周恩来在长征路上“病危”背后的真相

2016-06-30 14:37:50   人民网

通过李治将军的陈述,也说明周恩来那次生病后有四五位医生参与会诊、治疗,才使他的病得以好转、痊愈。

邓颖超生前的记述

20世纪80年代,由于周恩来长征路上的生病众说纷纭,当时还健在的邓颖超十分重视这件事。1985年8月,她在大连棒棰岛休养时,一边回忆一边让秘书赵炜记录,写出了《路是人走出来的——通过草地》一文,专门回忆了周恩来生病、治疗和她自己遇险、脱险的经过,内容十分详实。关于周恩来在毛儿盖生病的情况,文章是这样写的:

一天下午,忽然有人告诉我,周恩来发烧(我们从长征开始就不在一起了)了。当我见到他时,(他)已发烧,在担架上盖着很厚的东西,简单说了几句话就离开了,把他抬到了他的工作总部。两地之间约有四五里距离(指周恩来和邓颖超两人的各自住地——笔者)。因为我不知道他害的是什么病,病情(又)有发展。第二天我骑马去他住宿地,他正发高烧,医生来看过,认为他的病是我们长征路上多发病的症候——疟疾。当时,我在那里坐等他体温是否会下来……后来我不再等了,只好回到我的住地,每天来看望他。经过三四天后两位医生会诊,一位是王斌,一位是李治同志。他们都是(红军)在江西同国民党作战时被俘的国民党医官,参加红军后,忠于红军,忠于医疗事业。对恩来的病很认真地加以研究。……后来总部要出发了,恩来搬到毛主席的周围,这时我也搬到恩来(那里)一起住了,我在地下铺上稻草,他睡在木板床上,两位医生继续观察,不相信是疟疾。他们怀疑是肝脏有问题,于是检查胸、肝的部位,发现肝脏肿大在右侧肋缘下二指,最后确诊为肝发炎,已变为肝脓疡。当时,草地环境不能手术。按脓疡治,唯一的办法要用局部的“冰冻”,冰得到60里以外的高山上去背。这时,医生也给我做思想工作,让我看有关肝脓疡的书。书内举了100例,99例都写得很清楚,预后不良,唯一的一个例外,肝脏化脓,通过肠子把脓排出来。所以决定等背回冰来,用冷冻办法退烧。背冰的同志一早就出发了,深夜二三点钟才回来,冰化了一半,还可以够用。把冰装在袋子里,放在肝的部位。他本人昏迷不醒。医生的最大希望是想用冰把炎症退下去。等到下午五六点钟时,恩来逐渐清醒,不时地呻吟着,并说肚子痛,我们把他扶起来解大便,排出来的都是绿色腥臭的脓状便,体温也就下降到35度。第二天医生看后,他的确诊是肝脓疡穿孔经肠子排出脓来。为了使脓液尽量排净,他们采取措施,给恩来服药,使肠子停止蠕动三天,并交代我,每小时试(测)一次体温,一直坚持到第二天下午,体温一直在35度。医生们没有告诉我温度已接近“死人”的温度。好在体温后来慢慢地上升了。病情也慢慢地好转。又过了一天,医生们两次检查,发现他的肝脏大小已接近正常了。因此,肯定治疗是正确的。这时又把戴济民大夫请来照顾……(我要)特别对王、李两位医生对恩来的病诊断和治疗准确及时,使他能脱险康复,实应向他们致以不能言语形容的感谢之情。后来代替他们的戴济民老医生,也在几年前病故了……我为什么要写这样一段经历呢?因为恩来同志逝世后,近几年有的同志写了这一段,有的不合事实,有的出入很大,需要写这么一段作为澄清。

读了这段还从未发表过的邓颖超的回忆,再综合前边几个人的陈述,可以看出,周恩来长征途中患病后,先请一位随队医生给他量了体温,随后请来戴济民大夫,找来了红军卫生部部长贺诚,再将王斌、李治、孙仪之3位大夫找来共同会诊,确诊为阿米巴肝脓疡,用了特效药易米丁。周恩来病情好转后,王斌要为王稼祥治腰伤——他是长征前在苏区被敌机炸伤腰部的;李治其他的医疗任务也很重,于是就留下了戴济民随周恩来的担架行军,作为陪护。因此,周恩来的那次生病是经过许多著名大夫会诊,并用显微镜等检查,确诊为阿米巴肝脓疡,然后对症下药,用了治疗阿米巴肝脓疡的特效药易米丁,从而使周恩来康复的。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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