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美媒:英国核电项目或助中国打开西方核电大门

2016-09-23 10:48:04   参考消息

参考消息网9月23日报道美媒称,英国首相特雷莎·梅做出允许中国企业投资欣克利角C核电站项目的决定不仅仅是出于商业因素,还有许多其他方面的考量。

据美国之音电台网站9月21日报道,欣克利角的项目将使用两座由法国电力公司提供的核反应堆,中方对这个240亿美元项目的投入仅限于为其提供资金。欣克利角的投资方中国广核集团已经就布拉德维尔的项目签署了一份初步可行性协议,有分析人士说,欣克利角的项目或将为中国在英格兰东部的布拉德维尔地区参与更为重要的核能项目扫清障碍,若果真如此,中国从此就可以向西方世界输出其核电技术。

位于柏林的德国墨卡托中国研究中心欧洲对华政策小组研究主管扬·加斯珀斯说:“欣克利角C的项目完全是以法方的设计为基础。对中国来说,布拉德维尔的项目才是特别重要的,因为中方或许能够借此机会使用他们自己的技术。”

报道称,目前只有几个像巴基斯坦这样的发展中国家在使用中国的核反应堆。布拉德维尔B项目或将改变当前的规则,中国的核反应堆能否获得英国方面的监管批准并得以在英国安装使用,将对中国至关重要,因为这个项目可能为中国向西方国家输出核能技术打开大门。

先紧后松

报道称,特雷莎·梅在今年7月正式就任首相之后,首先进行的工作之一就是暂停欣克利角核电站的项目以便重新评估项目中可能涉及的安全风险。这一项目由法国电力公司与中国广核集团共同拥有,在二十国集团峰会几周之后梅就改变了决定,英国政府在合同中加入了一些安全条款以确保一旦法国电力公司撤出项目,中方不会获得多数股权。

但梅的决定与中国在这个项目上所抱的希望可能会功亏一篑。英国已经就这一问题展开激烈辩论,批评人士表达了对于安全问题的担忧,另有一些批评人士对合同中一项条款表示质疑——这一条款规定在未来35年内保持固定的电价,但能源价格将在未来35年里下跌,预计此后价格将跌得更多。

对于安全的担忧

英国首相府联合幕僚长尼克·蒂莫西是梅重要的幕僚之一,蒂莫西以他对中国持有极其批判的观点而闻名。蒂莫西在去年10月发表的一篇文章中写道:“据信协议将导致中方在埃塞克斯的布拉德维尔设计并建造第三座核反应堆,据说一些政府内部与外部的安全专家都担心中国可能会利用其负责设计建造这一项目的机会在电脑系统中设置漏洞以便让中方能够任意关闭英国的电力生产。”

有分析人士认为,梅之所以想获得中国的投资是因为英国的能源缺口急需被填补,也需要摆脱造成大量污染的、以煤炭为燃料的发电方式,但英国的国家安全对梅是至关重要的。

加斯珀斯说:“从技术角度而言,并没有多大的安全风险,因为中国不拥有欣克利角项目中的技术,唯一的风险是中国将来可能会获得这一项目的主要控制权。”

国家形象的助推器

有分析人士认为,对北京来说,英国批准欣克利角的项目将是一个重要的形象助推器。

“中欧论坛”创始人、中欧国际工商学院“中欧文苑”主任高大伟说:“一个主要的西方国家接受中国在这个西方国家本土参与高度战略性领域的项目建设,这是两国非常重要的合作形式。我们现在正在见证一个新的中国-欧洲-英国三边合作机制的形成。这虽然是一个缓慢而复杂的过程,但这将决定中欧关系的未来”。

欣克利角C核电站项目地点(资料图,2016年9月14日)。(路透社)


责任编辑:张海潮
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