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俄媒:中国将成全球核能领导者 尤其让美日不安

2016-09-01 11:18:56   参考消息

参考消息网9月1日报道俄媒称,核能是中国雄心勃勃要大力发展的领域之一。中国发展核能的速度引人注目。

俄罗斯东方新观察网站8月30日刊文称,中国的第一座核电站建成于1991年,如今中国已有35座正在运转的核反应堆(其中4座是今年启用的),还有约20座在建。中国计划在2030年前建成110座核反应堆,倘若该计划得以实施,中国将成为世界核能领域的领导者。

文章称,中国正马不停蹄地朝上述目标前进,相关工作正紧锣密鼓地进行,仅在2020年之前就计划为发展核能投入近800亿美元。

与此同时,中国不仅打算在实际运转的核电站数量上领先,还想在技术水平上居领先地位。中国的核能工作者积极研发能与外国产品一较高下的核反应堆。中国已经研发了第三代核电技术“华龙一号”,它在测试中表现良好,使用该技术的商用核反应堆去年已在国内外开工建设。

文章称,但中国人不会在第三代核电技术上止步不前。中国计划在2017年启用位于山东省的第四代核反应堆。这一高温气冷堆核电站由中国研发,迄今世界上还没有其他类似产品,它比以往的反应堆发电效率高,故障率也低。

安全性一向是核能领域的最重要问题,安全性最高的核反应堆就最具竞争力,这一点成为中国新型反应堆的竞争优势。

如果新型核反应堆展现出卓越性能,中国计划将其对外出口,而且已与沙特签署了相关协议。中国专家认为,这一自主研发的产品能在今后五年内征服全球市场,新型反应堆的唯一不足在于造价和燃料成本都很高,但这正在得到改进。

文章称,这样的成就不可能不令核能领域的传统巨头感到不安,中国在经济和政治领域的竞争对手美国和日本尤其如此。同为中国主要竞争者的印度也在加速发展核能,但已被中国远远甩在身后。

不过,中国在核能利用方面与美国还有较大差距。美国目前约有100座正在运转的核反应堆,在当前的发展速度下,中国的核能领域将在十几年后赶超美国。从运转中的核反应堆数量而言,排在美国之后的是法国(58座),预计中国到2020年就能赶超法国。日本在福岛核事故发生前在上述榜单中位列第三,但事故之后有大量核电站被关闭。不过,日本在技术水平上依然领先,但要保住这一地位,它将不得不与中国展开激烈竞争。

文章称,快中子反应堆是中日两国核能专家较量的一个主要目标,其主要优势是能反复利用核燃料。这不仅能节约资金,还能缓解放射性废料的有效利用问题。快中子反应堆技术从上世纪50年代初开始广为人知,美国和欧洲科学家都曾积极研发该技术,但苏联专家取得的成就最大。如今只有俄罗斯拥有工业用快中子反应堆,是这方面无可争议的领导者。日本也有两座快中子反应堆,但都是实验性的,且其中一座曾因事故被关闭,另一座也因安全考量而岌岌可危。

中国也没有闲着:第一座实验性快中子反应堆于2010年启用。它是在俄罗斯专家的帮助下建成的。中国希望到2025年自主建造快中子反应堆,到2030年实现工业运用。

文章称,来自中国的竞争迫使日本着手加快发展快中子反应堆。对日本来说,尽快实现快中子反应堆的工业运用不仅是个能源问题,还关系到国际地位。日本在这方面得到了法国专家的帮助,但如果考虑到中国得到了俄罗斯核能专家的帮助,日本赢得竞争的机会就小了。俄罗斯核技术向来是全球一流,长期在核能领域与俄罗斯合作是中国核能成就令人震惊的原因之一。

文章称,核能正在迅速改变世界的面貌。尽管存在一些潜在安全威胁,核能仍在加速发展,同时推动经济、科技和教育的发展。按照当前趋势,中俄在未来几十年里将成为核能领域的领导者,它们在该领域的科技合作必定会带来巨大利益。

在华能山东石岛湾核电厂,反应堆压力容器在吊装中(3月20日摄)。新华社记者郭绪雷摄


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