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外媒:中国将建新一代高铁列车 中俄轨距均适用

2016-06-08 09:46:05   参考消息

外媒称,中国宣布开始建造同时适用俄中两国轨距的新一代高铁列车。中国国内和莫斯科—喀山高铁线路都能使用这种新列车。它的速度比俄罗斯从德国西门子公司采购的“Velaro RUS”系列快速列车快一倍,俄罗斯暂时还无法复制或者掌握中国的高铁技术。

中国高铁总里程目前接近2万公里,日客流量接近5000万人次。俄罗斯虽然国土面积比中国更广阔,高铁建设的成就与中国相差甚远。俄罗斯当前的快速列车只有为数不多的连接大城市的线路,并且是在普通的铁轨上运行,而不是专门的高铁线路。中国准备向俄罗斯的高铁建设投资,提议打造同时适用两国轨距的高铁列车。

《独立报》援引《中国日报》的报道称,中国开始研制时速400公里、同时适用中俄两国轨距的新一代高铁列车。中国高铁创新项目负责人贾利民表示,新高铁列车将配备两套轮轨,能适应其他国家的轨距标准,不用像现在的列车那样在穿越国界时得换轨。它既能用在中国高铁线路上,也能用在莫斯科—喀山高铁线路上。

报道称,与此同时,北京不仅打算为俄罗斯高铁制造列车,还准备参与高铁线路的建设。此前俄罗斯铁路公司第一副总裁亚历山大·米沙林宣布,中国将向莫斯科—喀山高铁项目提供为期20年的4000亿卢布贷款(约合403亿元人民币)。

需指出,高铁通常是指列车时速在200至400公里的特制电气化双向铁路线。俄罗斯目前实际上没有高铁。造价1万亿卢布的莫斯科—喀山路段将成为俄罗斯修筑高铁的试验项目。据预计,这条长770公里的高铁线路能将莫斯科到喀山之间的列车运行时间从当前的12小时缩短至3.5小时。

报道称,倘若莫斯科—喀山项目成功了,那么今后这条高铁线将继续延长,成为莫斯科—北京高铁干线和连接中国与欧洲和中东市场的“丝绸之路”项目的一部分。

此前有人预计,莫斯科—喀山高铁线路使用的列车将在俄罗斯生产。至少米沙林在接受几家联邦媒体访问时曾多次强调,“不论是哪方推荐的任何一种列车都应通过成立联合企业的方式在俄罗斯生产”。

报道称,中国制订了明确的政治策略:首先进口技术,随后实现自主生产,然后将技术改进得比原版更好。这一原则从采购俄罗斯飞机或核反应堆等事情上就能体现出来。而在俄罗斯,当局经常纠结于财产所有权分配问题,而忽视了掌握新技术。

今年5月初,长春轨道客车股份有限公司出口部负责人马春生(音)说,中俄打算在俄罗斯生产高铁列车。俄方表示有意为莫斯科—喀山高铁线路购买列车,为此需组建中俄各自控股50%的合资企业。

报道称,引人注目的是,中国怀疑俄罗斯是否对高铁列车存在高需求。马春生说:“我们从俄罗斯铁路规划可以知道,俄罗斯很快就不需要采购大量高铁列车。在今后5-10年内的需求量约为100至200辆。”

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