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美在西沙搅事欲挑起中国越南互斗 美国对越失望

2016-02-22 11:50:28   

资料图:越南海军士兵和新型导弹艇 

  美在西沙搅事意在一箭双雕

柯小寨

最近这段时间,美国先是派军舰闯我西沙领海,接着又炒作中国在西沙永兴岛上配备防空导弹一事。笔者认为,美国这样做不仅仅是为在南海问题上对华施压,而是要更进一步挑起越南与中国的互斗。

对美国而言,长期在南海直接挑战中国的主权和安全并非上策,最好的办法是挑动东盟及南海问题当事国与中国在南海互斗。这样一来,美国便可借助地区紧张推行其“亚太再平衡”政策,获取自身战略利益。不过,虽说美国这一策略并非一无所获,但总体效果并不能令其满意。东盟希望与美中等大国同时保持建设性关系,其成员国对南海问题也态度各异,很难就“抗衡”中国达成统一意见。刚刚结束的美国与东盟各国领导人峰会的结果,对美国而言就是一种明示。

南海问题当事国中,同中国斗得起劲的只有菲律宾和越南。但菲律宾力量弱,搅得动微澜却掀不起大浪。因此,美国便把眼光更多转向越南,可惜越南的表现让美国很失望。中越关系在经历一段时间紧张后又走向缓和,不久前召开的越共“十二大”明确了“维护和稳定周边和平环境”“稳定与大国的关系”的外交目标,这表明越南仍将集中力量搞好国内建设作为国家的核心任务,不希望南海问题损害甚至破坏其发展经济、提高国力和改善民生这一国内大局。这就意味着,越南仍希望与作为邻国、大国和社会主义国家的中国保持平稳和合作关系,它在南海问题上缺乏充当抗华急先锋的理由和意愿。

在此情况下,如何挑起越南的对华“斗志”就成了美国一些人心中的课题,这两次在西沙搅事就是美国的一种尝试。为什么说在西沙搅事最容易挑起越南与中国的互斗?首先,西沙是越南对南海岛礁主权诉求的核心。在越方论述中,其对南海诸岛主权诉求的所有“证据”都指向西沙群岛(南沙群岛方面的“证据”则依附于其对西沙的诉求)。经过几十年的宣传与教育,越南民众对于西沙也是格外关注。

其次,越南一直希望在西沙方向有所突破。西沙长期以来在中国的牢牢控制之下,而且中方不承认西沙群岛存在争议。因此,迫使中国承认西沙存在主权争议或在国际上制造“西沙存在争议”的印象,是越南近年来南海策略的一个重要目标。

第三,在西沙搅事容易将越南推向前台。在南沙方向,越南可以置身局外的姿态,为东盟联合对华敲边鼓,无须与中国形成直接对抗。在西沙方向则不同,其他东盟国家对西沙没有诉求,越南只能单独面对中国,难以采取迂回战术,有事只能硬着头皮上,因而与中国发生正面交锋的可能性大。

可见,美国在西沙搅事是极具谋略性的一招:看准越南国内对西沙的企图,以此激起越南的“斗志”;利用越南想在“西沙主权争议”方面实现突破的心理,通过美军在西沙的挑衅而把南海紧张因素从南沙引向西沙,诱使越南出手;搅动越南国内民族情绪,使其在与中方有关西沙的维权行动中产生碰撞,进而迫使越南政府不得不直接与中国在西沙“过招”,形成越中互斗。美国希望用这“一激”“一勾”“一逼”,将越南推向“抗华”一线,实现南海形势的变局,将其“再平衡”政策向前推进一大步。对这一招,越南不难看穿,但如何理性应对恐怕需要仔细斟酌。▲(作者是广西东南亚研究中心研究员)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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