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美担心太空战:最危险来自中国

2016-01-27 14:23:26   环球网

外媒绘制的中国反卫星试验示意图

近日,一条消息在国内外军事评论圈中传播广泛,那就是中国在2015年底进行第6次高超音速飞行器试验,不少国外军事评论员都对此消息进行了评 论,美国《国家利益》杂志网站也不例外。1月26日,该网站发表题为《美国准备好:俄罗斯和中国有了太空武器》的文章,表示,俄罗斯和中国正在追求攻击美 国太空目标的能力,美国能否阻止这一趋势?

文章称,美国太空能力支持着美军在全球范围内的运作,美军的行动离不开GPS卫星导航、通信卫星、侦察卫星等的帮助,这让中俄两国看在眼里。而对美国来说,最大的挑战是来自竞争对手在空间力量上投入的技术和资金。

美国战略司令部司令塞西尔-哈尼表示,早在2010年,俄罗斯的军事学说已经开始强调太空作为其国防战略的重要组成部分。俄罗斯曾公开表示正在 研究和发展可以降低目标性能、摧毁目标等功能的反空间武器能力。额领导人还曾公开宣称,俄罗斯军队已经有了反卫星武器,其中包括反卫星研究和卫星干扰器。 哈尼称,在2015年俄罗斯总统普京曾表示俄罗斯在中国之后正建造最先进的太空武器,确保俄罗斯太空防御任务在2020年前实现。然而,俄罗斯在苏联时期 就是美国在太空中最紧密的对手了,然而这些年最危险的挑战来自中国,中国先进的太空武器能力可以跟踪或致盲卫星。而且中国已经证明了自己可以在太空执行复 杂操作的能力——哈尼提到了中国的第六次高超音速飞行器试验。

文章提出疑问,美国应该怎么做才能应对目前的局势呢?这个问题的答案尚不明朗,但哈尼却提出了四个要点。

首先,美国要在更深层次更广泛了解自己的对手,必须了解对手的能力和意图,这样才能对其行为进行判断。抓住其关键节点的行动,防止误判和行动升 级。其次,要保持进行关键任务能力,美国的侦察设备、指挥和控制系统将支撑美国进行战略决策并支持部队行动的能力。第三,要将军队的军事能力充分整合到国 家的所有元素中,要有一个恰当的管理方式来融合资源,包括和盟友、合作伙伴和民间企业。最后,还要增强美国在核武器、空间武器和网络武器的战略能力。

文章称,美国正在近地轨道和地球同步轨道研发新的能力,这会提升美国在低地球轨道跟踪对象的能力,而且美国的“太空栅栏”项目将结合空间监测和 网络,有一个集成联合的操作环境,将显著提高空间监视能力。此外,美国还进一步完善空间态势感知能力。美国将在澳大利亚设置一个C波段雷达已提供低地球轨 道覆盖监视能力。哈尼表示,如果可能的话,美国必须依赖于空间威慑能力,要确保潜在的对手明白攻击美国太空设备将付出巨大成本。

尽管文章中美国义愤填膺认为中俄发展太空能力会大大威胁美国太空实力,然而实际上包括中美俄在内的所有大多数国家都依赖着天上的卫星。而且美国 也从未停止自己的反卫星试验,甚至在这一领域研究很早,取得的成就非常突出。为何美国研发反卫星能力就不会威胁到太空安全,而中俄就会呢?美国在指责别人 的时候或许应该先看看自己?(范辰言)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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