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全国首次!武汉中院认可并执行美国法庭判决

2017-09-14 11:04:01   中国青年网

1.外国法院对涉案争议具有管辖权。

2.外国法院对当事人进行了合法传唤。为此,我国法院需要查明的相关事实包括:第一,外国法院依本国法作出了传唤的行为,如外国法院向当事人发出了传票、开庭通知书等;第二,外国法院的传唤依据该国法律送达或视为送达当事人。

3.外国法院作出的判决依据该国法律已经送达或视为送达当事人。

4.外国法院作出的判决依据该国法律已经生效。

5.外国法院作出的判决未违反我国法律的基本原则或者国家主权、安全、社会公共利益。

6.外国法院曾对我国法院判决作出过承认与执行的判决或裁定。

以上各项作为法院需要查明的事实,实际上也是此类案件可能存在的争议焦点。

三、"互惠案件"中双方的举证责任与律师工作

结合上述法院查明范围,一般而言,申请人与被申请人的举证责任分配如下:

需要申请人证明的事项

一般而言,申请人需要证明下列事实:

1.证明根据我国法律,相关案件可以在外国审理。

2.证明作出判决的外国法院对案件具有管辖权,不违反其本国法律关于地域管辖、专属管辖等相关规定。

3.证明外国法院作出判决、裁定的程序符合该国法律规定,不存在未经合法传唤径行裁判、侵犯当事人辩论权等严重违反程序正义的行为。

4.证明该判决或裁定依据法院地法已经生效。

5.证明该判决或裁定已经依据法院地法向被申请人送达。

6.该国法院曾承认并执行过我国法院作出的生效判决、裁定。

需要说明的是:

第一,外国法院对案件是否具有管辖权,应当以我国法律规定作为判断依据。例如,双方协议选择外国法院对相关争议进行管辖,在不违反我国法律禁止性规定的情况下,我国法律认可此类约定的效力。此时,外国法院对该案行使管辖权在我国法律视野下才具有合法性基础,并成为我国法院承认执行该国法院判决裁定的前提。否则,外国判决即使符合其本国法律的规定,我国法院也将以该判决违反我国法律基本原则为由,不予承认其效力。需要注意的是,此处所说的外国法院,是指一国的法院系统,而非该国具体受理案件的法院。具体受理案件的法院是否具有管辖权,应以该国法律为准。

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