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中国发射一枚超级卫星 飞机高铁上将实现高速上网

2017-09-08 04:07:09   央视网

受制于当时电子元器件研制、材料科学研究的技术水平,东方红二号卫星的载荷小,寿命短,卫星的C波段转发器只有2路,而当时国际先进水平通信卫星的C坡段转发器已经达到24路,寿命也长达十年。

张伟:当时能够提供的功率非常小,因为太阳能电池片就这么多,所以它能够提供的功率就那么大。所以当时我们国家的通信卫星在轨寿命比较短,就是五年,能够提供的有效功率很低,所以所谓的转发器路数,就是几路转发器。

通信卫星的主要载荷就是转发器,一路转发器可以传送十多套标清电视节目,通信卫星的载荷越大,转发器的路数多,意味着能够传送更多的广播电视节目,提供更大的通信容量。张伟告诉记者,由于当时东方红二号无法满足客户需求,国内还出现了“买星”还是“造星”的争论。在当时的环境下,航天人别无选择,在技术基础薄弱、设施条件差的情况下,按照当时的国际水平研制东方红三号卫星。

张伟:东方红二号是一颗自旋稳定式的卫星,到了东方红三号,我们搞的是一个三轴稳定式的卫星,采用了太阳翼的这种方式,那么技术上的跨代很大,只能继承东方红二号大概20%左右的技术基础,剩下的80%都是基于我们中国航天人的自主创新来实现。

从1986年国家立项,到1997年东方红三号卫星成功发射,科研人员历经11年的时间,先后解决了上百个技术难点,啃下了十余项“硬骨头”课题,也经历了首颗卫星发射失败的阵痛。东方红三号卫星不仅实现了我国通信卫星研制技术的跨越,也为中国航天事业提供了一个高可靠的通信卫星平台。

2000年,瞄准国际一流水平的东方红四号开始立项研制,卫星平台的设计寿命提升为15年,携带的转发器增加到52路。当时东方红四号通信卫星的市场目标不仅是要占领国内,而且还要走出去抢占国际市场。

在东方红四号通信卫星平台研发的同时,他们还在进行着东方红四号市场的开拓,2002年5月,与鑫诺卫星通信有限公司签署了鑫诺二号卫星采购订货合同;2004年5月,参与尼日利亚通信一号卫星整星研制和发射项目的招标,从美国、法国、英国等21家公司中脱颖而出,成功夺标。

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