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但《环球时报》记者发现,关于歼-20的这些参数,实际上在2016年6月的一个关于“歼-20油箱容量有多大”的百度问答中就已出现,而且更为详细。两篇文章中关于歼-20的机长、空重、最大起飞重量、最大飞行速度、最大航程等数据也基本吻合。在百度问答中,还详细列出弹舱长度、机翼后掠角、雷达反射面积等更为详细的数据。一般认为,网络问答中的很多数据并不权威,多为网友或外媒的猜测和分析。另外,从该文的描述,例如“机身以墨绿色涂装,远观近似于黑色”“2011号歼-20也已飞离成都前往其他地区进行更多试验”来看,这一段文字的撰写时间显然已经很早了。
从该文的发布形式来看,主体内容实际上是朱日和阅兵歼-20梯队长机飞行员张昊在接受采访时的谈话,对歼-20的介绍类似于文章“相关链接”和延伸阅读,从版面编排来看,似乎是为了让人们增加对歼-20的进一步了解。多名中国军事专家3日在接受《环球时报》记者采访时均表示,将其视为“官方授权发布”很可能是误读。
歼-20究竟有多强?
一位熟悉空军的中国军事专家对《环球时报》记者表示,隐形战机的速度、航程等参数,即便是在已使用隐形战机多年的美国也严格保密。美国空军公布的参数最多包含几何外形参数,其具体性能一直都是核心机密。按照以往惯例,中国军方不太可能公布歼-20的详细参数。
对于歼-20飞行员张昊在接受采访时谈到“亚音速下也不错,一进入超音速就是它的天下”,这充分说明该机的设计思想是突出超音速巡航能力。专家表示,能够进行超音速巡航的战斗机与不能进行超音速巡航的战斗机作战,就好比冷兵器时代“骑兵打步兵”。从气动布局来看,该机非常适合进行超音速巡航作战。首先,要使用后掠角比较大的机翼。从空气动力学的观点来看,大后掠(如60度到70度)、小展弦比机翼的超音速气动效率最高,但这种机翼的亚音速效率低,影响飞机的亚、跨音速机动性。对于新一代战斗机,机翼设计需要综合多方面相互矛盾的需求,这决定了四代机的机翼后掠角基本保持在40度到50度之间,歼-20也不例外。其次,采用了翼型前缘比较尖的相对厚度很小的机翼,利于降低波阻。此外,在机身设计上,减小超音速巡航阻力就要减小机身最大截面,增大机身长细比。这些都是增强超音速性能的设计。另外,该机采用了鸭翼、边条翼和升力体的设计,亚音速机动性也得到兼顾。不过专家指出,由于对超音速巡航进行了优化,亚音速巡航效率可能未必很高,最大航程不太可能达到网上所说的6000公里。
责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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