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韩春雨《自然--生物技术》撤稿追踪

2017-08-04 07:51:42   新华网

北京大学理学部主任饶毅说:“新闻的常规是很快报道事情重要进展,科学新闻的国际标准是请多个专家读论文后发表评论。但即使这样,有时也不能判断其中的问题。好在科学研究的判断还有时间的考验,以及同行的重复和验证。”

教育部教育发展研究中心高教室副主任刘承波认为,我们一方面要鼓励创新,允许试错;另一方面,要有独立思考的能力鉴别是真科研还是假科研。这必须依靠我们不断完善科研管理制度去解决,要做到“既鼓励创新,又杜绝造假”。

北京市京师律师事务所张新年律师认为:如果是故意为之,旨在沽名钓誉,就构成学术造假。但如果这种结果非其主观为之,而是属于纯粹的方法或者技术问题,则不宜认定为学术欺诈。

焦点二:国际上处理学术争议的科学途径是什么?

韩春雨从“一鸣惊人”到同行质疑纷至沓来,到撤稿,过程跌宕起伏。

那么,撤稿之后该何去何从?国际上处理学术争议的科学途径是什么?

专家们表示,国外对于学术不端和学术造假的调查都比较严格,遇到类似实验无法重复的问题,在短时间内会启动调查程序。一旦查明是学术造假的话,意味着研究者将身败名裂。论文的通讯作者必须承担主要责任,整个研究团队也须对此负责。而研究团队所在高校,作为学术诚信监管主体也应该承担一定后果。

例如,美国的政策文件对学术不端行为的界定、调查程序、各部门的职责、如何处理等都做出规定,相应的处罚包括辞退、降职、减薪、停招研究生、拒绝授予终身职教授等,并根据过错程度,数年内甚至终生不得再申请项目,也有因情节恶劣的学术造假锒铛入狱的例子。

楼振昆说,对于类似事件,国外会邀请独立调查组,没有利益冲突的第三方机构来进行调查。一经查实是学术造假,会遭到重罚,基本意味着学者的学术生涯结束。

焦点三:相关调查是否会启动?

科技部、教育部、卫生计生委、自然科学基金会、中国科协等五部门近日联合公布《肿瘤生物学》107篇论文集中被撤事件调查处理结果:“坚持眼睛向内,坚决打击学术不端”。

科技部门表示对韩春雨学术争议高度关注。

河北科技大学3日在官网称,鉴于该论文已撤稿,“学校决定启动对韩春雨该项研究成果的学术评议及相关程序”。

楼振昆认为,学校和河北省有关部门以及第三方调查组都应该组织调查。事实上,韩春雨所在的河北科技大学是这一事件的利益相关方,也许因此学校没有进行调查的动力。不少专家呼吁,相关部门应介入调查,并及时公布调查结果。

还有多位专家提出,在调查的过程中,韩春雨本人有义务在合理范围内披露他所掌握的数据和实验过程,河北科大应予积极配合。但河北科大作为利益相关方,应当适度回避,由第三方评测机构予以认定。

“科学发展是不断证伪的过程。”教育部科技发展中心主任李志民说。期刊发表不一定代表正确。只要不是恶意欺骗或机构秘密,任何研究进展都应该及时在同行中公布、讨论。

也有专家特别提出,搞科研还是要有坐“冷板凳”的精神。科学的成功是偶然,不成功才是常态,实事求是与宽容失败应并重。(记者王阳、杰文津、张漫子、朱涵、余晓洁)

责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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