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中国太阳能电池板老化隐忧 回收利用面临挑战

2017-08-01 00:28:24   参考消息

延伸阅读:厉害了中国科技!太阳能无人机完成2万米高空试飞

由中国航天科技集团十一院研制的新型彩虹太阳能无人机,近日成功完成2万米以上高空飞行试验。

彩虹太阳能无人机的核心关键技术和设备全部实现国产化,此次试飞成功,标志着我国成为继美、英之后全球第三个掌握临近空间太阳能无人机技术的国家。

近日,我国自主研发的新型彩虹太阳能无人机圆满完成临近空间飞行试验。

具有高达20—30公里飞行高度以及长达数月的巡航能力

太阳能飞行器,顾名思义是一种以太阳光能作为能源的飞行器。据彩虹系列无人机总工程师石文介绍,随着太阳能新能源领域的发展,太阳能飞行器已经成为世界航空工业重点研究的新兴领域。

白天,太阳能飞机依靠太阳电池的光电转换效应,为动力系统、航空电子设备及任务载荷提供能量,同时将多余的能量储存在蓄电池中。夜晚,它再通过蓄电池的电能持续飞行。如果太阳能飞机白天存储的能量可以满足夜晚飞行的需要,就能够实现全年不间断地持续飞行,若不考虑其部件的寿命,理论上可以永久飞行。

距离地面20—100公里的空域被称为临近空间,对于传统燃料消耗型飞机而言,太过稀薄的空气,让发动机功率显著下降,失去了用武之地,但这里却是全身布满太阳能电池板的无人机展现优势的空间。现在世界上通用的高空长航时无人机,大多使用吸气式发动机提供动力,一遇高空的稀薄空气,发动机功率会大幅降低,油耗增高,因此,现有燃料消耗型飞机的飞行高度和续航能力很难进一步提高。而以太阳能为动力的飞机,完全可以弥补这些不足,飞得更高更远。

彩虹太阳能无人机凭借超高空、长航时、易维护三大特点,迈向世界先进水平。

彩虹太阳能无人机与传统燃料消耗型飞机相比虽然载重能力相对较弱,但飞得高。太阳能无人机通常采用大展弦比机翼,展弦比达到20以上,甚至到30,具有很高的升阻比,使其可在20—30公里的临近空间稀薄大气中稳定飞行。第二个特点是功率提取限制因素较多,但飞得久。太阳能无人机无燃油消耗,可实现数月甚至更长时间的航时飞行。另外,太阳能无人机机载系统简单,日常维护复杂度较低。长航时飞行,维护保障间隔周期长。从起降保障上看,对跑道长度要求不高,也无需传统的加油等保障设备。从使用效益上看,由于其超长航时特点,与常规飞机相比,完成持久性任务无需频繁更替轮换,出动飞机的频率大大降低。

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