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网约车新政实施一年调查:打车难、打车贵重现?

2017-07-28 03:47:30   经济参考报

网约车司机的积极性也大不如前。今年55岁的重庆人向德锦是较早一批加入网约车行列的司机,对于新政之后的变化,他感觉“成本增高了”,新政规定车辆排量在1.8L及以上,换车后每天的耗油量增加了,他还谈到,网约车平台对于司机意见的采纳度不高,过于注重乘客的意见,实际上存在乘客不理智打分的现象,会影响司机的信誉分。

重庆司机李延全从去年9月份开始从事网约车行业,他觉得近来车主补贴很少,没有原来赚的多,所以积极性没有原来高,而且司机的生意好坏完全取决于信誉分,低于90分的生意不景气,有时候系统开着半天也没有订单。

“之前他们烧钱抢市场的时候补贴很多,挣得多,大家都有干劲。现在这些平台补贴都很少了,收入少了一半。而且还得备考,对车和户籍有各种要求,有的人想想这投入产出不合算,也就不干了,换工作去了。”张师傅感叹道。

出租车网约车走向融合?

新政一年来,网约车给城市带来的积极变化有目共睹。交通运输部科学研究院和高德地图最新发布的二季度拥堵报告显示,北京核心区拥堵降幅超过6%,西直门地区拥堵情况也出现了下降;网约车新政和共享单车出现对缓堵有积极作用,五公里以下驾车出行比例下降。

交通运输部公路科学院公路发展中心王浩介绍,根据初步统计,截至7月14日,全国24个省市已经初步实施了网约车改革细则,126个城市公布落地实施细则,93个城市已经正式公开交通意见。按照网约车业务的集中度来看,总比例95%以上的业务和城市已经正式发布或者正式公开征求意见。除了首汽约车、滴滴出行、神州专车等已经加入的平台,据悉还有130多家平台企业也争取着网约车平台资质。

以重庆为例,今年年初发放了首批网约车驾驶员从业资格证及网约车车辆运输证,6月26日正式向愉客行、庞大叮叮、呼我出行、首约科技、神州优车5家平台发放首批网约车经营许可证,这标志着重庆有了合法的网约车平台,该市的网约车管理也进入新的阶段。记者调查发现,尽管当前重庆网约车行业正逐步走向规范,但仍存在未取得牌照的平台运营的情况,对此重庆交通管理部门相关负责人表示,今后将继续加大市场执法力度,强化市场监管和引导,进一步规范重庆的网约车市场。

一些出台新政的地区,与平台之间的磨合也在继续。“一城一策”的细则中,许多城市严格规定了网约车的轴距、车价、排量、功率、车身尺寸、车龄等。比如,青岛要求车长超过4800毫米,发动机功率100kw以上,车辆购置价格不低于礼宾型出租车同期购置价格(约15万元以上),1年内新车,可谓全国最严标准;山西朔州要求轴距达到2710毫米,为全国最高,另有17个城市要求车辆轴距高于2700毫米,其中不乏淮安、江门、泰州、鞍山、抚顺、宁德等三四线城市。此外,有18个城市要求车价大于15万元以上,近五成城市要求车价高于12万元或当地巡游车平均价格的1.3倍以上。北京、上海、天津等地方还限制网约车司机为本地户籍。

也有平台公司反映,目前出台细则的城市中至少有12个需要县一级的许可,这就需要企业再多申请近100个许可。比如,河南南阳市除市区外下辖10个县级单位又发布了自己的细则,只允许本县车辆本地运营,还提出了比市区更高的车型要求,而网约车平台在南阳一市就需申请11个许可。

交通运输部首席专家徐康明表示,网约车新政执行一年带来了很多积极的改变,行业发展依法依据得以恢复,网约车行业正在建设新格局。网约车行业的安全机制、车辆不得拒载乘客、妥善平衡各方利益、服务质量等都相应提升。但网约车还需加速修复一些问题,比如因法规不到位导致乘客权益受伤害,车辆车龄及车检不符合规定等行业漏洞。

北京市律师协会交通管理与运输法律专业委员会主任张金澎认为,在法律不变的情况下,网约车在经营、运作和监管手段上要改变。从监管角度来讲,网约车多部门管理,需要明确各方管理权限,只有监督管理到位市场才能净化。互联网大潮谁也挡不住,传统出租车行业和网约车最终将走向融合。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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