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中央密集开会研究下半年经济 这四字何以如此重要?

2017-07-27 08:34:47   中国青年网

习近平曾在中央财经领导小组会议上强调,要做好转岗就业、再就业培训等各项工作,发挥好社会保障和生活救助的托底作用。要区别不同情况,积极探讨有效的债务处置方式,有效防范道德风险。

人社部部长尹蔚民今年3月则表示,化解过剩产能,安置好分流的职工,是一个关键性的工作。2016年化解钢铁煤炭过剩产能,涉及到了28个省份1905家企业,安置了72.6万人,今年化解过剩产能大约需要安置职工50万人。

回顾历史上的几轮国改,80年代国企改革,从计划模式走向自主经营、自负盈亏的道路;90年代末,国企通过并购重组、债转股,以及下岗分流、减员增效等措施,提升了综合实力,走向了国际舞台。

处置“僵尸企业”不能一刀切,造成“一收就死”的现象。对于暂时遇到经营困难但在管理、品牌、技术上有一定竞争力和成长性的企业,可以通过兼并重组、混合所有制改革,让企业重焕活力;

而对于连续亏损、不符合结构调整、转型升级的“僵尸企业”,正如《人民日报》权威人士谈话中曾指出的,“那些确实无法救的企业,该关闭的就坚决关闭,该破产的要依法破产,不要动辄搞’债转股’,不要搞’拉郎配’式重组。”

从这个意义上看,我们或许可以理解为什么把处理僵尸企业作为经济工作的重中之重、经济任务的“牛鼻子”看待了——

第一,处置“僵尸企业”,并购重组促进产能去化,提升集中度,有利于实现供给侧改革。以宝钢武钢为代表的央企合并看,既淘汰过剩产能也强化龙头优势,加速周期性行业的出清,而真正符合“转换动能”要求的,战略性新兴产业将获得更好的发展空间;

第二,处置国企“僵尸企业”有利于金融资源在国营部门和民间部门均衡分配,服务实体经济的金融效率将更高。过去“僵尸企业”的过度吸血,对民营企业融资造成“挤出效应”,而民间部门在经营效率和创造就业方面具有一定的优势;

第三,有利于防化金融系统性风险。对国企“僵尸企业”主动去杠杆,市场化方式优胜劣汰,可以理顺政企关系,纠正要素价格的扭曲。同时,理顺政府和市场的关系,打破各级政府的刚性兑付,遏制地方政府隐性债务负担,实现规范举债融资。打破刚兑还有一个好处,就是促成整个社会无风险利率的下行,降低实体融资成本。

前阵子,《人民日报》在防金融风险的文章中提到,既要防“黑天鹅”,也要防“灰犀牛”,引发市场广泛讨论。“僵尸企业”、地方债务,某种意义上也可以看作是其中一类:

灰犀牛生长于非洲草原,体型笨重、反应迟缓,你能看见它在远处,却毫不在意,一旦它向你狂奔而来,憨直的路线、爆发性的攻击力定会让你猝不及防,直接被扑倒在地!所以危险并不都来源于突如其来的灾难、或者太过微小的问题,更多只是因为我们长久地视而不见。原标题:【解局】中央密集开会研究下半年经济,这四字何以如此重要?

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