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新一轮医改创历史速度:“健康红利”多起来

2017-07-10 11:45:42   经济参考报

其次,保障“托底”,补足“短板”。

甘肃,定西市渭源县上湾乡周家窑村。

54岁的村民赵华患有主动脉根部瘤、主动脉瓣关闭不全和冠心病。家里靠种大豆、药材,正常年景收入每年也就两万块钱。几年看病下来,花光了家底。

中国卫生与健康事业的最大短板,仍然在基层特别是农村和贫困地区。十八大以来,党中央、国务院把7000万农村贫困户的民生放在心头、扛在肩上。

2017年,甘肃省实施农村贫困人口大病专项救治,规定对50种农村重大疾病实行单病种付费。“是好政策帮我捡回了条命。”享受到这一政策好处的赵华说。

从小小山村到全国城镇,一个全球最大的医疗保障网逐渐织就:城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗参保人数超过13亿,城乡居民大病保险推进实施,疾病应急救助制度全面建立。2012年至今,大病保险已累计赔付资金超过3000亿元;2016年健康扶贫工程启动,已有8省区9.2万名大病患者得到集中救治。

五年来,基本医保全国联网和异地就医直接结算稳步推进。据人社部统计,目前全国已有30个省份1563家定点医疗机构实现跨省就医住院费用直接结算。让信息“多跑路”、群众少“跑腿”,正成为现实。

世界卫生组织原总干事陈冯富珍说:“中国医保比一些免费医疗的发达国家做得还好,能较好地防止老百姓因病致贫,对中国卫生事业可持续发展非常有利。”

再次,绩效凸显,共享“红利”。

新型城镇化、人口老龄化、疾病谱变化……面对一张张亟待回应的“民生答卷”,转型期的中国社会交出“亮眼成绩单”,实现“一升两降”:人均预期寿命从2010年的74.38岁提高到2015年的76.34岁;孕产妇死亡率从2010年的31.9/10万降为2016年的19.9/10万;婴儿死亡率从2010年的13.8‰降为2016年的7.5‰。

事实证明,新医改用较少的投入取得了较高的健康绩效。

世界银行和世界卫生组织认为,中国在实现全民健康覆盖方面迅速迈进,改革成就举世瞩目。

成就得益于基本公共卫生服务均等化上“下功夫”。现在,我国人均基本公共卫生服务经费补助标准提高至45元,实施12大类45项国家基本公共卫生服务项目,覆盖居民生命全过程。

成就来自于强有力的财政保障。2016年,全国财政医疗卫生累计支出13154亿元,比2015年同期增长10%。

成就根植于高质量医疗卫生人才“再造血”。国家卫计委副主任马晓伟说,2015年每千人口执业(助理)医师数增加到2.22人,注册护士数增加到2.37人。为应对“全面两孩”落地带来的生育高峰,今后5年我国力争增加产科医生和助产士14万名。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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