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企业破产法实施十周年:先“破”后立 浴火重生

2017-06-15 11:13:24   光明日报

4、个人破产:立法时机渐趋成熟

正在辛辛苦苦攒钱还房贷,一场突如其来的大火却让李某的房子“付之一炬”。房子虽然没了,但如果严格按照法律规定,李某仍然要还剩余房贷。个人财产已所剩无几,李某该如何渡过难关?

“目前我国只有企业破产法律制度,个人和公法人团体都不得破产,事实上,后两者都存在破产的需求。”徐阳光说,个人破产制度的缺失导致个人债务没有解决途径,因负债而导致一辈子都难以“东山再起”的现象不在少数,进而制约了消费需求和金融行业的发展。

如果建立个人破产制度,上述案例中的李某就可向法院申请个人破产,在李某的现有资产中扣除必要的生活费和抚养家庭成员的费用等,剩余的财产将用于还贷,银行将不再向李某追索剩余债务。

国际上,美、英、法、日等国都建立了比较完善的个人破产制度。在这些国家的破产案件中,个人破产占了绝大部分。由于缺少个人破产制度,我国现行破产法被认为是“半部破产法”。近几年,已有数位全国人大代表、政协委员建议将个人破产纳入法律调整范围。

个人破产后并不意味着债务人从此可以“一劳永逸”“随心所欲”。据了解,在我国香港地区,破产令颁布实施期间,破产人的行为会受到严格的限制,例如不能置房、不得进行高档的消费、不能申请信用卡等。破产管理署相关人员也会到破产人家中进行考察,以保证该破产人没有实施违反规定的行为。

为避免个人破产制度可能会沦为个人逃避债务的工具,进而影响国家金融安全,李曙光认为,在加快推进建立个人破产制度的过程中,应建立良好的债务催收制度,配置债务豁免的除外规则,保留对债务人欺诈性转让或藏匿财产的追索,及其他不应该豁免的税收、费用、罚款等,并完善个人征信体系。

徐阳光则认为,考虑到我国的实际情况,公法人团体破产暂时还难以实现。但随着我国财产登记制度的日益健全、互联网经济和大数据的日益发展,个人破产的配套制度渐趋完善,立法的时机已经成熟,个人破产制度应当加快推进。

(本报记者靳昊)

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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