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国产大飞机办个证,为啥需要总理亲自过问?(图)

2017-06-02 07:33:48   中国青年网

政治

大家知道,大型客机研发和生产制造能力,是一个国家整体实力的重要标志。民用客机作为技术集群突破的奠基性平台,无论是新材料、现代制造、先进动力等领域关键技术,还是流体力学、固体力学、计算数学等基础学科,都能从中受益。

因此,可别小看适航证这件事——一方面,它是西方航空大国对飞机安全性的背书和保证,是打开国际航空市场的门票;另一方面,这些适航条款,往往由波音、空客等航空制造公司参与制定,极易成为航空巨头构筑行业壁垒的工具,成为西方国家政治博弈的砝码。

比如俄罗斯的伊尔-96大型客机,就曾被EASA以安全为名,拒绝飞越欧洲领空。随后俄罗斯表示,如果不取消这一禁令,就断掉对欧出口石油和天然气;然后EASA立马表示伊尔-96是安全的,可以飞越欧洲领空。

前面说到做了无数实验的ARJ-21,也在这方面吃过暗亏。虽然ARJ的动力、航电系统、燃油系统、空气管理系统、主飞行控制系统等全部外购,但因为是中国自主设计制造(总体设计、系统集成),依然未能获得美国FAA的适航证。ARJ21的原总设计师吴兴世就认为,中国民航标准和美国FAA几乎等同。ARJ21能通过CAAC的认证,而且投入运营后并未有事故发生,就说明这已经不是技术问题,而是政治和商业的问题。

今年年初,中国商飞已经申请了EASA认证,欧盟也派出审查组,对C919进行了第一次全面审查,双方正在接洽之中。李克强在德国专门提出适航证的问题,就是要从政治层面清除障碍。

揭裕文坦言,大飞机走出国门,肯定会动航空巨头的蛋糕,必然带来经济利益的冲突。因此,中国领导人的表态,更多是希望德国作为欧盟的领头羊,在未来EASA对C919进行审查时,能够以公正合理的态度对待中国飞机,不要政治先行、戴着有色眼镜。如果能够以此为起点,推动中国和欧盟适航标准的“双边互认”,那就是更值得未来期待的成果了。

当然,从诞生之日起,C919本就立志高远,对标空客和波音,目标就是要进入全球市场参与竞争,成为全世界信赖的空中座驾。取得适航许可,也只是第一步,未来能否在市场上生存和发展,还要凭借产品本身的质量和完备的售后服务。

从“飞起来”到“走出去”,中国大飞机欲翱翔天际,还有很长的路要走。千里之行,始于足下,C919追赶的脚步,显然已经迈出。

文/陆仁嘉、公子无忌

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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