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困难和挫折早已成为研制团队的家常便饭。2005年,已经历过9次成功试车的50吨氢氧发动机,在点火后突然出现燃烧不稳定现象,燃烧室壁板鼓出一个大包。经过反复研究,团队锁定了燃烧室耦合振动问题。两年后,他们通过加挡板,分区燃烧,错开了频率,将问题解决。
长征五号使用零下252.5度的低温推进剂,让它性能上获得大幅提升,但难度也随之增加。2012年6月,5米直径芯级贮箱在低温静力试验中突然破裂,如果处于实际飞行中,这将导致箱体结构失稳,后果严重。团队最终决定,将贮箱设计推倒重来。这个消息让一些队员流下了眼泪。“21米长的贮箱,壁厚不到3毫米,就像放大版的可乐易拉罐,一毫米的误差就会让传力方式发生变化。”王珏回忆说,“在设计时,大家一克一克地减重,又考虑结构要牢固,做出来不容易,所以这次失败的打击很大。”接下来的三年,团队从头开始,重新设计研制了芯级贮箱。
研制路上,一场场激烈的争论更是屡见不鲜。这让大家红过脸,也擦出了灵感的火花,新三垂测发模式、脐带塔发射平台等方案都是由此诞生。
数据显示,有上万名航天人参与了长征五号的研制,研制生产各类产品19000台套,累计开展近7000次、1000余项地面试验。长征五号火箭将为我国后续探月、载人航天、火星探测等重大工程提供有力保障,而其研制过程中培养的一大批技术人才,也将成为我国未来航天发展的依靠。
注:文中图片由中国航天科技集团公司一院供图
责任编辑:孙启浩 CN037
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