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揭秘京津冀地区为什么是世界最大的地下水降落漏斗

2017-05-26 10:35:46   科技日报

“以前就像盲人摸象,关注的只是一个一个的测量点,只是点状的,无法从全局去分析数据。如今,我们通过水文变化,摸清了地面沉降变化规律。”朱琳说。

通过多年研究,课题组据此提出并建立区域地面沉降多元场耦合模式,突破了区域地面沉降影响因素复杂、互馈机制不清的关键难点。解决了遥感现象与沉降机理彼此孤立的关键问题,首次系统揭示京津冀地面沉降演化规律与驱动机理。并且首次通过毫米、厘米和亚米级协同校正,实现了多孔介质区域地面沉降多尺度、变分辨率多场数据高精度同化,突破了区域地面沉降监测要素不足、验证尺度单一等关键难点,形成了京津冀区域标准系统。在京津冀地面沉降防控与重大工程防灾减灾中取得良好应用,显著提升了京津冀地面沉降防控能力。

为京津冀建设保驾护航

课题组提出的多元场耦合模式理论与方法已入选联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)新方法红皮书、重要成果专辑,获UNESCOHELP项目特殊贡献奖,受邀在巴黎气候大会和UNESCOKovacs水科学峰会等国际会议做主题报告。部分关键技术被美国麻省理工学院(MIT)、弗吉尼亚理工大学等国际同行采用。

新技术方法为全国地面沉降防治部际联席会议提供支持,成果在中国地质环境监测院、天津市控制地面沉降工作办公室和河北省地勘局第四水文工程地质大队等单位取得良好应用,为南水北调、国家体育场(鸟巢)、北京未来科学城、京津/京沈高铁、首都新机场和北京城市副中心等重大工程防灾减灾提供重要科学依据。

针对老百姓担心的高铁安全问题,张有全告诉记者,采用课题研究成果,结合京沈客专建设需要,根据高铁沿线地面沉降不同驱动力及土体分层压缩特性差异,提出了有利于防灾减灾的轨道基础类型、和水文调控方案及力学补强措施。

此外,针对地面沉降研究中地下水开采量获取困难,课题组进行了华北平原GRACE卫星重力信号泄露校正,将GRACE监测分辨率从20万平方公里提高到5万平方公里,首次发现了中东部平原区深层地下水消耗的重力异常,并且通过卫星重力水均衡量化了农业灌溉对地下水消耗的影响。

“随着南水北调来水逐渐成为重要供水水源,以及北京市在再生水利用、节约用水方面的努力,北京市的地面沉降情况有可能得到改善。但是,地面沉降对于地下水的变化具有一定的滞后性,且压缩形变很难恢复。所以,北京市地面沉降仍将是未来相当长一段时间内需要重点防控的重大地质环境问题。”潘云说。

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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