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财政部回应“穆迪下调中国主权信用评级”

2017-05-24 13:25:36   财政部网站

总体上看,新预算法实施后,我国逐步依法建立了地方政府规范的举债融资机制,政府债务规模增长势头得到有效控制,2016年我国政府债务的负债率与上年相比变化不大。今后,随着我国供给侧结构性改革的不断推进,政府举债受到严格控制,政府债务规模将保持合理增长,加上我国GDP有望继续保持中高速增长,也将为地方政府债务风险防控提供根本支撑,2018-2020年我国政府债务风险指标与2016年相比不会发生大的变化。

记者问:穆迪认为,除了政府直接债务,地方政府融资平台、国有企业等债务水平持续增长会增加政府或有债务,请问您对此有何看法?

答:穆迪这一观点说明一些国际机构对我国法律制度规定缺乏必要的了解。

一方面,关于或有债务范围问题,《中华人民共和国担保法》、《中华人民共和国预算法》已经作出明确规定。即,除经国务院批准为使用外国政府或国际经济组织贷款进行转贷外,地方政府及其所属部门不得为任何单位和个人的债务以任何方式提供担保。因此,《中华人民共和国预算法》实施后,我国地方政府或有债务依法是指地方政府为使用外国政府或国际经济组织贷款进行转贷的担保债务,除此以外不存在任何其他或有债务。

另一方面,对于地方政府融资平台、国有企业等债务与政府债务之间的关系,我国相关法律制度也已经作出了明确规定。《中华人民共和国预算法》规定,除发行地方政府债券外,地方政府及其所属部门不得以任何方式举借债务。《中华人民共和国公司法》规定,“公司是企业法人,有独立的法人财产,享有法人财产权。公司以其全部财产对公司的债务承担责任”、“有限责任公司的股东以其认缴的出资额为限对公司承担责任;股份有限公司的股东以其认购的股份为限对公司承担责任”。因此,不论是中央国有企业、还是地方国有企业(包括融资平台公司),其举借的债务依法均不属于政府债务,应由国有企业负责偿还,地方政府不承担偿还责任;地方政府作为出资人,在出资范围内对国有企业承担责任。

综合上述法律规定,穆迪所谓的地方政府融资平台、国有企业等债务水平持续增长会增加政府或有债务的说法,是根本不成立的。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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