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环保“按日计罚”办法更严,会现天价罚单吗?

2017-05-22 10:41:26   环球时报

扩大适用范围、减化执法程序,有利于痛击违法

此次环保部公布的征求意见稿,对“按日计罚”的修改主要涉及两方面,一是对适用情形的扩大,将《办法》第五条关于按日连续处罚的适用范围进行调整,增加一项“未依法取得排污许可证排放污染物的”。将“违法倾倒危险废物的”修改为“非法排放、倾倒、处置危险废物的”;二是删除了原来30天内复查的要求,取消了再次复查的有关规定。

“扩大适用范围,是为了适应未来排污许可证改革和立法发展的新要求。”竺效介绍说,将排污许可证制度实施与环境监察执法结合起来,是环境执法面临的新问题,此次修改增加这一内容是个积极信号。同时,在《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》中,把行为类型规定为非法排放、处置、倾倒危险废物,而原来的“按日计罚”则只包括了倾倒这一种行为,与司法解释不完全一致。这样一来,企业出现倾倒以外的违法排放、处置危险废物行为,可以追究刑责,却没有相应经济处罚,这显然不合理。

实际上,现实中违法排放、处置危险废物的行为更为多见,理应纳入“按日计罚”的范畴。修改后,刑事责任、经济制裁同时进行,行政手段与刑事追究打好组合拳,让企业真的感到痛。同时,修订后的“按日计罚”规定,也将与《大气污染防治法》、《水污染防治法》的有关规定一一对应,有利于保持法律执行的一致性。

取消复查期限和再次复查,也得到环境监察一线工作人员的肯定与支持。湖北环境监察总队一位工作人员告诉麻辣姐,他们在工作中就遇到过超期复查无法执行的情况,《办法》修改后将有利于开展工作。

罚款只是手段,期待细化规则及时制止违法

在环保部给出的修改理由中,也透露出一些信息:目前,工业企业达标率只约为70%,还有大量违法企业超标排污。要扭转目前企业较大比例的超标现状,使企业守法成为常态,必须加大执法力度,采取最严厉的手段惩治超标行为。现阶段而言,要用足按日连续处罚手段,使超标排污企业付出高昂的经济代价,进而逐步促使企业达标排放,推进企业守法。

然而,社会上也有一些人担心:《办法》修订后不设复查期限,计罚期限为下达整改通知书后至复查日。如果环保部门久不复查,再去复查时企业依旧违法,那罚单的金额将是天文数字!复查日期不定,固然会使超标排污企业付出高昂的经济代价,但会不会导致执法懈怠,从而让违法排污时间更长,对环境的损害更大?

毕竟,环境监管执法罚款不是目的,尽早制止违法、保护环境才是初衷。

对此,竺效也表达了同样的担心。他认为,客观分析起来,原来的规定对及时制止污染有利,但存在行政程序复杂、监管成本过高、束缚执法手脚的缺陷。而简单取消复查时限,如果没有相应的措施督促执法人员及时复查,可能易导致一些地方拖延复查时间,追求天价罚单的情形。因此,《办法》在修订过程中,相应的规则还需进一步细化。

湖南湘潭环保部门的一位执法人员认为,罚款容易给人以罚代管的印象,环保部门应研究新规则,对严重环境违法,要像足球赛中严重犯规第一次给黄牌,第二次直接红牌罚下。

作为新环保法的配套办法,“按日计罚”在实施两年后进行修改,反映了相关部门务实、开放的作风,但《办法》修订后,如何既加大对违法排污者的威慑力,又能够对监管执法者进行必要的约束,还需要社会各界提出更多更好的建议,进一步完善相关规定。(人民日报中央厨房·麻辣财经工作室孙秀艳)

责任编辑:孙鑫鑫 CN066
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