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排污权交易“试水”十年 专家呼吁统一规范管理

2017-05-01 09:15:52   工人日报

3月19日,环保部部长陈吉宁表示,我国将在新的排污许可制的实施过程中,探索更大区域和范围的排污权交易实践。

交易市场碎片化

有关专家表示,用市场化手段去解决环境问题,是一大趋势。不过,排污权交易目前还处于试点阶段,正在摸索、探索中,部分地区存在交易不活跃的现象。

环保部曾组织对11个试点省区市进行调查摸底,结果显示试点工作中还有一些问题,包括排污权有偿使用和交易试点的边界、条件不清晰;初始排污权分配和出让定价方法差异大;排污权交易在试点省区市并不活跃,部分企业参与积极性调动不足等。

“排污权交易试点大多从几个行业、几个区域、几个流域开展,省市之间政策规定差异大,交易制度不统一,给市场交易造成了困难。”杨长胜表示,省与省、市与市之间的排污权实施对象、实施范围、交易基准价格、交易方式、有效期、行业限制、流域限制等,往往都不一样,政策难以衔接,流通不够顺畅,导致交易市场碎片化。

杨长胜举例说,排污权的核定确权作为排污权的基础工作,省市之间的核定基准就存有差异。如部分省市采用绩效排放量与环评批复值比较取小的方法核定,部分省市以排污许可证核准的排污总量为基准定量,也有省市直接采用排放绩效总量进行分配。

各省市的实施对象和实施范围也各有侧重。山西所有发放了排污许可证的企业都可进行排污权交易;重庆除工业企业外,畜牧业也纳入排污权交易;贵州在火电、水泥、钢铁开展二氧化硫、氮氧化物排污权交易;广东化学需氧量在限定的流域或区域范围内试点……

此外,各省市交易基准价格也存在差异。

期待顶层设计、规范化管理

杨长胜建议,要做大排污权交易市场。在设置准入条件的前提下,逐步扩大交易区域、交易因子,直至在全国范围统一市场。这就要求核量要统一标准,政府储备要规范程序,价格、制度、交易等要合理便捷,排污权有偿使用收入资金使用要明确范围等。

“在现有20多个省区市试点、实践的基础上,由国家出台相关政策,统一政策制度,统一规范管理,统一交易市场,做大做好排污权交易市场。”杨长胜说。

这一观点得到了赵谞恺的赞同,“排污权交易还在试点阶段,所以有时候需要我们大胆创新,然而国家层面没有对要怎么做、各地部门的相关职责、企业的主体责任等进行界定,希望有顶层设计,国家层面出台相应的技术规范。”

多位环保专家建议,做好与排污许可证的衔接。排污许可证作为排污权的载体,二者密不可分。若在许可排放量申报核算的过程中,同时进行初始排污权的核算,二者有机结合,最终许可排放量与初始排污权趋于一致。同时,有效利用排污许可证的监督监管,有序衔接排污权的监管工作,实现“一证式”管理。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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