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养老金支出亮黄灯 当我们老了还能领养老金吗?

2017-04-26 07:09:30   新京报

据报道,人社部社会保险事业管理中心发布的《中国社会保险发展年度报告2015》显示,去年黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、河北、陕西和青海六省份的城镇企业职工养老保险基金当期收不抵支。其中,黑龙江收入比支出少183亿元,辽宁、吉林也收支相差105亿元、41亿元。

不过,总体来看,相关的基金累计结余依然保持了相应的增长。《中国养老金发展报告2016》显示,截止到2015年底,全国城镇职工养老保险基金累计结余已经达到了3.5万亿元,比2014年底增加3545亿元,增长率为11.15%,增速比上一年下降1.34个百分点。

不过,中国社科院的一份报告则指出了一个“空账”的现象,引起媒体关注。数字显示,2015年城镇职工基本养老保险个人账户累计记账额(即“空账”)达到4.7万亿元,而当年城镇职工养老保险基金累计结余额只有3.5万亿。

也就是说,即使把城镇职工基本养老保险基金的所有结余资金都用于填补个人账户,也仍然会有1万多亿的差额。这里的个人账户就是像你我一样工作的年轻人缴纳的养老金的一部分。

你交的养老金去了哪儿?

老龄化跟养老金联系在一起,以及形成了所谓的“空账”。跟我国采取的养老金收支方式有关。

养老金的收支方式主要有两种,一个是现收现付制,一个是基金积累制。

顾名思义,前者指的是现在工作的一代人支付退休一代人的养老金;而后者则是按长期收支平衡的原则确定交费金额,计入个人账户,退休后从个人账户支取养老金。

具体来看,我国采取了一个折中的方式,基本采用的是统筹账户和个人账户结合的办法,统筹账户带来的资金要视退休时的社会平均收入水平确定。在北京,我们每个月工资的8%,就份属于个人账户中。

专家指出,在实际执行中,(由于没人承担从现收现付制向部分积累制的转制成本)年老的参保人士个人账户累计不够,年轻人个人账户中的钱不得不用于保障当期养老金的发放,导致账户上只有数字却没有实际金额,从而形成了所谓的“空账”。

一位研究过养老金的人士解释,拿池塘作比方,养老金是个池塘,养老金结余就是池塘里的水,一条小溪流进来,一条流出去。比如,现在流进来的钱是70后、80后、90后的,流出去给了50后、60后。

因此,当未来70后、80后的人群需要赡养时,由于人数众多,就可能会面临钱不够用的问题。

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