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一门3兄弟皆为航天院士 2人曾在国防科大任教

2017-04-25 09:05:39   国防科大

后来,他读到了苏联著名科学家、诺贝尔奖获得者、谢苗诺夫写的《燃烧与爆炸》一书,书中对火和电的发展进行了比较,说到火的研究远远落后于电。这更坚定了他立志研究燃烧的决心,从而开启了自己的“燃烧”人生。

开创液体火箭发动机燃烧学科

1960年,庄逢辰被派到苏联莫斯科动力学院进修燃烧理论。1961年4月12日苏联发射了世界上第一艘载人飞船,他坚信我国要发射载人飞船也必须要解决燃烧问题,从此他也就开始了自己的燃烧梦想。

1962年庄逢辰回国,由于国家航天事业发展的需要,庄逢辰被调入液体火箭机专业,肩负起为学生讲授“液体火箭发动机燃烧”的任务。

此时他发现,液体火箭发动机燃烧设计水平并不高明多少。虽然美、苏当时都已经研制出多种液体火箭发动机型号,但在研制中仍然缺乏可靠的理论计算模型和设计准则,主要依靠基于试验为主的边试边改方法。例如为了解决不稳定燃烧问题,美国用于登月的F-1发动机进行了1332次发动机试验和1337次108个喷注器的试验才研制成功;我国在研制东三、东四导弹液体火箭发动机时,也不断出现燃烧不稳定故障。

继而他又发现,当时能收集到的燃烧不稳定研究文献,包括公开出版的权威文献,都仅从经典控制理论出发,对液体火箭发动机实际燃烧过程只能作人为的假定、缺乏定量的分析。

而庄逢辰认为,发生不稳定燃烧,燃烧是主因,或者说是内因、是主要矛盾,控制只是外因。要解决这个问题,首先必须把液体火箭发动机的燃烧历程及其速率控制过程研究清楚。

他先从稳态燃烧研究开始,承担了红旗1号火箭发动机性能提高任务,与学生一起建立了推力室的液流试验台和喷雾试验台,开始进行推进剂的雾化和液滴蒸发和燃烧的试验研究和物理模型的建立。

20世纪70年代,他被调到国防科技大学前身的长沙工学院任教,学校当时归航天部(当时叫七机部)领导,他利用这一条件,深入到各液体火箭发动机研制单位调查研究,完成了教材《液体火箭发动机推力室设计基础》的编写任务,于1976年正式出版。该书既包含了实践内容,又加强了基础理论,被作为教材沿用10余年。

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