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央行确定:正式集中存管第三方支付备付金

2017-01-13 18:36:00   央视

客户备付金的规模巨大、存放分散,存在一系列风险隐患。一是客户备付金存在被支付机构挪用的风险,如2014年8月,浙江易士企业管理服务有限公司发生挪用客户备付金事件,涉及资金5420.38万元;2014年9月,广东益民旅游休闲服务有限公司“加油金”业务涉嫌非法吸收公众存款,造成资金风险敞口达6亿元;2014年12月,上海畅购企业服务有限公司发生挪用客户备付金事件,造成资金风险敞口达7.8亿元,涉及持卡人5.14万人。二是一些支付机构违规占用客户备付金用于购买理财产品或其他高风险投资。三是支付机构通过在各商业银行开立的备付金账户办理跨行资金清算,超范围经营,变相行使央行或清算组织的跨行清算职能。甚至有支付机构借此便利为洗钱等犯罪活动提供通道,也增加了金融风险跨系统传导的隐患。四是是客户备付金的分散存放,不利于支付机构统筹资金管理,存在流动性风险。

同时,许多支付机构通过扩大客户备付金规模赚取利息收入,偏离了提供支付服务的主业,一定程度上造成支付服务市场的无序和混乱,破坏了公平竞争的市场环境,也违背了人民银行许可其开展业务的初衷。

针对上述问题,《国务院办公厅关于印发互联网金融风险专项整治工作实施方案的通知》(国办发(2016)21号)提出了“非银行支付机构不得挪用、占用客户备付金,客户备付金账户应开立在人民银行或符合要求的商业银行。人民银行或商业银行不向非银行支付机构备付金账户计付利息,防止支付机构以“吃利差”为主要盈利模式,理顺支付机构业务发展激励机制,引导非银行支付机构回归提供小额、快捷、便民小微支付服务的宗旨。的工作要求,人民银行经过深入研究并广泛征求各方意见,最终确定了将支付机构客户备付金集中存管的方案。该方案也获得了绝大多数支付机构和其他市场参与者的认可与支持。

支付机构客户备付金集中存管是人民银行贯彻落实党中央、国务院相关工作部署的重要举措,将进一步强化支付机构客户备付金管理,降低备付金风险,纠正和防止支付机构挪用、占用客户备付金,还原支付机构的业务本源,保护消费者合法权益,维护金融稳定和市场秩序,更好地促进支付服务市场持续健康发展。

三、客户备付金集中存管后是否会影响支付机构的日常经营?

答:目前实施的交存比例对支付机构的日常经营影响不大,也不会影响支付市场平稳发展。

一是根据客户备付金管理要求,支付机构应将客户备付金的50%以上集中存放在备付金存管银行;另据统计,支付机构客户备付金有较大部分(2016年第三季度为42%)、以非活期存款形式存放。因此,目前实施的交存比例(最低12%、最高24%)不会影响支付机构的流动性安排。

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