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《中国交通运输发展》白皮书(全文)

2016-12-29 21:31:42   新华网

运输工具技术水平不断提高。截至2015年年底,铁路主要干线全部实现内燃、电力机车牵引,客货运输车辆品种和结构均实现升级换代。民用汽车数量达到17228万辆,公路客货营运车辆总数达1473万辆,货运车辆平均吨位数由6.3吨增加至7.5吨,专用货车(含甩挂运输车辆)占比由5.1%提高至27.2%,营运客车高档化、舒适化和货运车辆大型化、专业化程度不断提高。水上运输船舶达16.6万艘,海运船队运力总规模达1.6亿吨,内河货运船舶平均吨位超过800吨,高等级航道通航水域船型标准化率达到50%,船舶大型化、专业化和标准化发展趋势明显。民航拥有运输飞机在册架数2650架,通用航空企业拥有在册航空器1904架。邮政业拥有各类汽车24.4万辆、国内快递专用货机71架。

初步建立高效的安全监管和海上应急救助体系。建立和完善国家海上搜救和重大海上溢油应急处置部际联席会议制度,海上搜救打捞力量持续增强,搜救志愿者队伍不断扩大。初步构建了广泛覆盖、反应迅速、立体高效的水上交通安全监管和海上应急保障体系。

(三)科技创新和应用

基础设施建设技术世界领先。高速铁路、高寒铁路、高原铁路、重载铁路技术迈入世界先进行列,高速铁路成为“中国制造”和“走出去”的新名片。高原冻土、膨胀土、沙漠等特殊地质的铁路、公路建设技术克服世界级难题,青藏公路、青藏铁路先后建成通车运营。陆续建成一批世界级特大桥隧,特大桥隧建造技术达到世界先进水平。离岸深水港建设关键技术、巨型河口航道整治技术、长河段航道系统治理技术以及大型机场工程建设技术世界领先,实施港珠澳大桥、洋山港集装箱码头、长江口深水航道治理等系列重大工程。

装备制造技术快速进步。以高速列车、大功率机车为代表的一批具有自主知识产权的高性能铁路装备技术达到世界先进水平,部分达到世界领先水平。新能源道路运输装备初步实现产业化。自主研制的支线客机、通用飞机、直升机已交付使用,C919大型客机总装下线,中国成为世界上为数不多的能够自主研制大飞机的国家。大型专业化码头装卸设备制造、海工机械特种船舶、集装箱成套设备制造技术领先世界,300米饱和潜水取得创新性突破。邮政光学字符识别(OCR)、视频补码、码址校验等分拣技术处于世界领先水平。

信息化智能化技术广泛应用。大数据、云计算、物联网、移动互联网等信息通信技术在交通运输领域广泛应用,线上线下结合的商业模式蓬勃发展。铁路建成了客运联网售票系统,实现了运输生产调度指挥信息化。高速公路电子不停车收费系统(ETC)基本实现了全国联网。港口电子数据交换系统(EDI)、船舶交通管理系统(VTS)、船舶自动识别系统(AIS)在水运管理中广泛应用,开发了长江干线电子航道图技术。民航商务信息系统处于世界先进水平。邮政建立国家、省、市三级联动视频监控体系。无线射频识别技术(RFID)、全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)等现代导航信息技术在民航运输、物流配送中广泛应用。北斗导航系统成为第三个面向国际航海应用的全球卫星导航系统。

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