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延迟退休方案将推出:或释放8千万大妈劳动力

2016-12-17 12:10:27   华夏时报(北京)

2017年,我国延迟退休改革方案即将正式推出,其中,延迟退休最直接的好处就是扩大劳动年龄人口规模,降低每个劳动年龄人口供养的退休人数,增加经济发展的劳动力供给。

在董登新看来,如果将50至59岁的女工人的退休年龄调整为和男工人一样的60岁,则可释放8000万女劳动力,她们是最富有人生经验、最能理解老年人、最有爱心和同情心的一个庞大群体,建议她们转入社区就业,就可以极大地充实社区服务、家政服务、养老服务,这将是一笔巨大的社会财富。同时,也将带来中国社区治理及养老服务翻天覆地的变化。这既能解放一大批家庭主妇,填补养老服务人员的巨大缺口,也是做大做强我国第三产业,尤其是社会服务业的最重要支撑。

将开发老年人力资源

其实,对于延迟退休之后的劳动力以及就业方面的问题,早在2013年,人社部就已对外征求延迟退休方案,当时清华大学公共管理学院教授杨燕绥的方案中就已针对开发老年人力资源有所涉及,方案希望在推行延迟退休年龄的同时解决相应人员向专项服务业转型的工作。

“将延退人员向专项服务业转型是一个思路,毕竟我国目前和未来最缺的就是老年护理方面的人才。”12月14日,中国养老金融50人论坛秘书长、人民大学公共管理学院前院长董克用接受《华夏时报》记者采访时表示,对于临近退休的就业人员,各国就业政策都有相关的保护政策。比如,很多发展中国家,即便在裁员过程中采取的也是“后来者先走”,从而保障老年人的就业权利,因此,我国一旦实施延迟退休政策,关键还是要加大开发老年人力资源的力度。

据记者了解,我国的老龄人口在增加,在职人员在减少,这一增一减之间,直接造成的结果就是职工抚养比的下降。人社部最新发布的2015年社保报告显示:我国养老保险抚养比继续下降,不到3个人需要“养”一位老人,为7年来最低水平。

“这种情况下,推动延迟退休、开发老年人力资源刻不容缓。”董登新称。

人社部部长尹蔚民不久前也再次提及这个话题:为应对老龄化速度快、“未富先老”,中国将采取开发老年人力资源,拓宽女性就业渠道,推进农业转移人口市民化,提高劳动力市场配置效率,扩大劳动参与率。通过银发经济创造更多就业岗位,把老龄化带来的不利影响降到最低。

不过,延迟退休对劳动力的供给不仅是量的问题,更是结构的问题。农村有大量富余人员需要转向服务业,尤其是涉及老人和孩子的服务业,这部分缺上千万人的岗位,也需要更多的政策支持。

“延迟退休年龄这套方案在制订过程中,国务院层面会为其配备多种配套措施,比如,养老金的制度结构,它不仅是财务问题更是年轻人对养老金制度的支持问题,尤其个人账户一定要体现出多工作、多积累的特性。”杨燕绥接受《华夏时报》记者采访时曾明确表示,农村富余人员和加工业大龄人员向服务业转移需要政策支持,比如职业培训、咨询、安全保护等方面的政策。

据记者了解,“全面建成以居家为基础、社区为依托、机构为补充、医养相结合的多层次养老服务体系”已被民政部和国家发改委纳入《民政事业发展第十三个五年规划》中,届时,将需要大量的工作人员和志愿者进行相关工作的推动,并将建立养老助残、生态环保、城市流动人口社会融入、农村留守人员关爱、禁毒戒毒、应急救援、助医助学等重点领域志愿服务的长效机制。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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