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抑郁症阴影下的官员:看见窗户就有往下跳的心思

2016-12-15 08:15:23   中国新闻周刊

2005年1月5日,时任山西省委常委、组织部长王通智,在北京参加会议期间,从驻地京西宾馆坠楼身亡。王通智后来被证实并非畏罪自杀,而是因为工作压力太大导致轻生。

祝卓宏和许燕都认为,2009年是全社会关注公务员心理健康问题的“元年”。在那一年的媒体报道中,共有13名官员非正常死亡。为此,中纪委、中组部的有关负责人特别重视公务员心理健康工作,他们还曾经到中科院心理所和北师大心理学院考察座谈,请专家做事件分析。

许燕告诉《中国新闻周刊》,中纪委牵头的这个研究成果是保密的。“但是得出一个结论是,很多非正常死亡的官员不是畏罪自杀,他们的心理健康问题值得关注。”

在上述研究成果基础上,2011年年底,中纪委、中组部联合下发《关于关心干部心理健康提高干部心理素养的意见》。此后,关于公务员心理健康的讲座与培训,开始在各级政府机关频繁举办,中央党校的课程设置,也开始出现心理学部分。

中共十八大召开后,这种现象又加入了反腐的因素。从上述统计数据可以看出,2014年和2015年官员非正常死亡的数量明显增多。

统计数据显示,2015年全年自杀、失踪或疑似自杀的官员有51人,明确报道为坠亡的人数高达27人,比例超过50%。2016年至今非正常死亡的36名官员中,至少有21人被证实为坠亡(坠楼或坠桥),比例接近6成。特别引人注意的是,在今年1月份非正常死亡的8名官员中,有7人为坠亡。

许燕认为,官员选择用什么方式死亡,与其身处的大环境相关。“现在,在城市,自杀方式多是坠楼,在农村特别是农村女性,多是喝毒药。对这类官员而言,他们只会采用城市中多数人的自杀方式,并没有特殊含义。”

另外,官员大多认为在家中自杀不吉利,还会给家人带来阴影,所以很少有官员在家中自杀。

许燕说,有些非正常死亡的官员自杀前会有征兆,但非专业人士很难觉察到。“从心理学分析,为了保证自杀成功,他们自杀前要做很多掩饰性行为。”

许燕说,如果官员有严重失眠,还会时不时提醒家人不管家里出现什么事都要好好活着,透露家里有多少存款等,亲友要提高警惕。“他们这些话可能就是在婉转地交待后事。”

官员失眠率25%

近年来,官员作为抑郁症患者中一个隐秘的群体,逐渐浮出水面。《中国新闻周刊》发现,2016年已公开报道的36名非正常死亡官员中,在相关通报中,有12人被明确指出有抑郁症或抑郁倾向。

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