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北京提前发布橙色预警:未来三天5级重度污染

2016-12-01 16:41:35   第一财经网

图为北京雾霾现场

雾霾来了哪些人群更该警惕

国家卫生计生委公布的数据显示,目前我国肺癌发病率以每年26.9%的速度增长,近几十年来,每10到15年,肺癌患者人数就会增加一倍。我国第三次居民死亡原因调查结果也显示,肺癌死亡率在过去30年间上升了465%,取代肝癌成为我国致死率最高的恶性肿瘤。

国际癌症研究机构数据显示,全球2010年因肺癌死亡患者中,有22.3万人与大气污染直接相关。2013年,世界卫生组织把“室外空气污染”列为一类致癌物。

空气污染对我国居民具体影响如何?2016国家环境与健康研讨会作为第九届中国环境与健康宣传周活动的一部分,北京大学公共卫生学院研究员吴少伟在会上说,研究发现,空气污染短期(几天)内会导致人的血压升高、心率异常,发生急性心梗、中风等心血管急性事件,还有因心血管疾病入院,甚至死亡等;长期处于空气污染中,会导致心血管疾病发病,甚至死亡,动脉粥样硬化、高血压等。

“空气污染会导致呼吸系统、心脑血管等疾病。”吴少伟说。

中国气象局京津冀环境气象预报预警中心工程师孙兆彬做了“沙尘天气、非沙尘天气下颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)对心血管疾病入院人次的影响”的具体分析。他说,我国西北地区沙尘天气频发,研究表明该地区人群的心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病发病率与沙尘天气的出现关系密切。

根据颗粒物日均浓度值与心脑血管疾病日入院人次增加百分比研究发现,随着PM2.5浓度等级提升,即空气质量从优、良、轻度污染、中度污染、重度污染和严重污染,与之对应的心脑血管疾病日入院人次增加百分比分别为2.5%、3%、4.7%、6.5%、4.5%和13.7%;随着PM10浓度等级的提升,与之对应的心脑血管疾病日入院人次增加百分比分别为0.2%、1.9%、4.2%、9.3%、6%和1%。

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