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媒体:空气污染已被世卫组织列为一类致癌物

2016-11-29 09:55:09   

科技日报11月29日消息,北京市预警中心、北京市空气重污染应急指挥部办公室11月26日发布了“空气重污染蓝色预警”称,受不利扩散条件影响,北京空气质量已达“5级重度污染”水平,建议公众做好健康防护,减少户外运动等。这也是北京今年入冬以来第二次发布空气重污染预警。

于是,北京的空气质量以及对人体健康影响再度引发公众的热议。

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空气中微生物和重金属会致病吗

对拉森团队的研究成果,北京市卫计委表示,细菌的耐药性和致病性是完全不同的概念,耐药性的增加不意味着致病性的增强。

不过,北京等城市空气成分复杂是不争的事实。清华大学生命学院朱听课题组在2014年发表的《严重雾霾天气中北京PM2.5与PM10污染物中的可吸入微生物》论文中指出,北京大气悬浮颗粒物中包含1300多种微生物,在这些微生物中,细菌占八成以上,另外还有少量的古细菌和病毒。

课题组通过鉴别大气悬浮颗粒物中的微生物组分发现,其中大部分为非致病性微生物,有很多可能来自于土壤。

除微生物外,城市空气中还含有多种重金属成分。珠三角地区是我国重点地区中空气质量相对较好的地区,2015年PM2.5。实现达标,在我国三大重点区域中率先实现PM2.5年均值在35微克/立方米以下。

在中国环境科学学会组织召开的2016国家环境与健康研讨会上,据环境保护部华南环境科学研究所胡国成博士团队研究成果显示,通过对珠三角城市积尘中重金属污染特征研究发现,总体看来,城市空气灰尘中重金属含量水平冬季高于夏季;从不同功能区来看,交通区、工业区和商业区重金属含量水平较高。

珠三角城市灰尘中锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)普遍超标,具有非致癌风险,灰尘中的铅(Pb)和铬(Cr)对儿童也是非致癌风险。成人和儿童暴露城市灰尘中的重金属,主要是手口摄入两种途径。

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