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世界自然基金会再质疑鄱阳湖枢纽工程:非唯一方案

2016-11-30 13:31:23   澎湃

对此,WWF在其微信中称,鉴于鄱阳湖在全球生态格局中具有无可替代的生态地位,阻隔江湖联系的鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程建设,将对生态造成巨大的负面影响。

文章称,鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程设定的方案,将对鄱阳湖水质、鱼类多样性、长江江豚栖息地、越冬水鸟栖息地以及江湖连通产生的不可逆或不确定影响明显存在。

具体为:其一,支持干旱常态化、生态系统退化、生态功能弱化的趋势性研究结论还不成立。

其二,拟建的鱼类洄游通道、豚类迁移通道建设方案在国内并无十分成功的先例,无法确保消除巨大的生态风险。

其三,对湿地而言,自由连通的江湖关系远比人为控制的水位线更重要,水文波动带来的生境异质性和食物丰富度是鸟类多样性的基本保障。

其四,通过联动调度机制、强化管理措施、增加基础投入缓解威胁的方案并未考量。

WWF总结称,鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程无法一劳永逸地解决流域尺度上发生的问题,还将破坏鄱阳湖的自然节律,造成江湖阻隔,破坏生态水文过程和生态系统完整性。

2016年11月6日,江西九江,湖水退去的鄱阳湖滩上万亩寥子花盛开,大批候鸟飞抵鄱阳湖越冬。

“缓解鄱阳湖枯水应有其他方案”

除了反对鄱阳湖建闸(坝),澎湃新闻注意到,WWF也在文章中强调目前鄱阳湖的枯水问题带来的环境和发展压力。

文章称,鄱阳湖枯水是新的江湖关系、加剧的人类活动、全球气候变化等多重压力下复杂的社会和科学问题。

WWF表示,鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程建设方案,应该是缓解鄱阳湖及其周边地区整体环境压力和发展压力的方案之一,但绝对不是唯一方案。

“如果设定水利枢纽工程建设为唯一解决路径,并以此为立场得出利弊结论,只会让我们更加具化既得利益,虚化未知的生态影响和长远利益。”文章写道。

文章称,同时,鄱阳湖建设水利枢纽工程不同于其他区域水坝(闸)建设项目,它是在长江中下游人口高度集中、经济高速发展、资源高度利用以及高度关联的流域属性和高保护价值的生物多样性基础上谋求的建设项目。

WWF指出,现有的科技手段、资金投入、人力资源、政策保障,完全可以用创新的方式解决现有的环境与发展的双重压力,然而,“过去6年以来,虽有社会各界多次呼吁,但至今没有看到任何除水利枢纽工程之外积极性的研究成果和解决方案。”

2014年7月23日,WWF曾公开发表长文,反对鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程,并列举该工程或产生的多项生态影响。

在这篇文章中,WWF警告,“鉴于国际社会对该问题的高度关注,若决策不当,将使得鄱阳湖面临的生态风险演变成为包括多个国际公约、双边协定中的大国责任与义务的声誉影响和外交风险,存在着严重的后果。”

就针对鄱阳湖水利枢纽工程的相关质疑,2016年11月28日,“鄱建办”独家回复澎湃新闻称,该工程其实已进行了多方面的调整,包括将工程由“控洪”改为“控枯”,由“大坝”改为“全闸”,由“高水位”改为“低水位”,由“全年控制”改为“分期控制”等,对工程功能定位、方案比选、闸型设计和调度运行方式等进行了不断优化。

该办公室称,通过这些调整,鄱阳湖水利枢纽对生态环境保护利大于弊,其产生的次生影响通过科学合理的调度可以降低和减免。即使出现极端情况,闸门也可以全部打开,恢复到自然状态,生态安全得到了保证。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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