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二、助力网络空间治理,护航“互联网+”
目前,中国已经成为名符其实的网络大国。截至2016年6月,中国网民规模达7.10亿。但现实的网络环境十分堪忧,网络诈骗层出不穷、网络入侵比比皆是、个人隐私肆意泄露。根据中国互联网协会发布的《中国网民权益保护调查报告(2015)》,63.4%的网民通话记录、网上购物记录等信息遭泄露;78.2%的网民个人身份信息曾遭泄露,因个人信息泄露、垃圾信息、诈骗信息等导致的总体损失约805亿元。但此前其他关于网络信息安全的规定,大多分散在众多行政法规、规章和司法解释中,因此无法形成具有针对性、适用性和前瞻性的法律体系。《网络安全法》的出台将成为新的起点和转折点,公民个人信息保护进入正轨,网络暴力、网络谣言、网络欺诈等“毒瘤”生存的空间将被大大挤压,而“四有”中国好网民从道德自觉走向法律规范,用法律武器维护自己的合法权益。国家网络空间的治理能力在法律的框架下将得到大幅度提升,营造出良好和谐的互联网环境,更为“互联网+”的长远发展保驾护航。市场经济本质是信用经济,其精髓在于开放的市场+完善的法律,从这种意义上讲,“互联网+”必须带上“安全”才能飞向长远。
三、构建我国首部网络空间管辖基本法
作为国家实施网络空间管辖的第一部法律,《网络安全法》属于国家基本法律,是网络安全法制体系的重要基础。这部基本法规范了网络空间多元主体的责任义务,以法律的形式催生一个维护国家主权、安全和发展利益的“命运共同体”。具体包括,规定网络信息安全法的总体目标和基本原则;规范网络社会中不同主体所享有的权利义务及其地位;建立网站身份认证制度,实施后台实名;建立网络信息保密制度,保护网络主体的隐私权;建立行政机关对网络信息安全的监管程序和制度,规定对网络信息安全犯罪的惩治和打击;以及规定具体的诉讼救济程序等等。
此次《网络安全法》的出台从根本上填补了我国综合性网络信息安全基本大法、核心的网络信息安全法和专门法律的三大空白。该法的推出走进了治理能力和治理体系现代化的总目标,走进了《国家安全法》的大格局,走进了网络强国的快车道,走进了大数据的新天地,走进了为人民谋福祉的总布局。
四、提供维护国家网络主权的法律依据
《突尼斯协议》提出共识,尽管互联网是全球的,但是每个国家如何治理,各国是有自己主权的。一些西方主要国家为维护网络空间主权,很早就制定了法律法规,并将维护网络安全纳入国家安全战略,且形成了比较完备的网络安全法律体系。例如,美国在已有四十余部网络安全相关立法的基础上,又在制定《国家网络安全和关键基础设施法保护法》。2014年7月,习近平主席在巴西演讲中特别提出了“信息主权”的概念。他强调,虽然互联网具有高度全球化的特征,但每一个国家在信息领域的主权权益都不应受到侵犯,互联网技术再发展也不能侵犯他国的信息主权。2016年7月推出的《国家安全法》首次以法律的形式明确提出“维护国家网络空间主权”。随之应运而生的《网络安全法》是《国家安全法》在网络安全领域的体现和延伸,为我国维护网络主权、国家安全提供了最主要的法律依据。
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