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一、拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法、效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区,是参选或者出任香港特别行政区有关公职的法定要求和条件
1984年6月,邓小平同志就明确指出,“港人治港有个界线和标准,就是必须由以爱国者为主体的港人来治理香港。”对于什么是爱国者,邓小平同志指出,“爱国者的标准是,尊重自己民族,诚心诚意拥护祖国恢复行使对香港的主权,不损害香港的繁荣和稳定。”香港基本法关于香港特别行政区行政长官以及行政机关、立法机关和司法机关组成人员的规定,贯穿着由以爱国者为主体的港人治理香港的原则,其中一项重要的要求是:行政长官、主要官员、行政会议成员、立法会议员、各级法院法官和其他司法人员都必须拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区。在香港基本法具体条文起草过程中,这一要求与香港通行的就职宣誓制度结合起来,形成了香港基本法第一百零四条规定,即“香港特别行政区行政长官、主要官员、行政会议成员、立法会议员、各级法院法官和其他司法人员在就职时必须依法宣誓拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区”。因此,香港基本法第一百零四条规定的“拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区”,既是依法宣誓必须包含的法定内容,也是参选或者出任该条所列公职的法定要求和条件。
香港基本法颁布后,对于香港基本法第一百零四条的规定,中央和香港特别行政区一直是这样理解和执行的。1996年成立的全国人民代表大会香港特别行政区筹备委员会,在其制定的香港特别行政区第一任行政长官人选的产生办法、临时立法会的产生办法和第一届立法会的具体产生办法中,都规定行政长官参选人、立法会议员候选人必须拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,愿意效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区。全国人民代表大会香港特别行政区筹备委员会是全国人民代表大会决定设立的负责筹备成立香港特别行政区的权力机构,其所作出的决定和规定具有法律效力。按照香港基本法和筹委会上述决定,香港特别行政区制定的《行政长官选举条例》第十六条和《立法会条例》第四十条作出了相应的规定,并在历任行政长官和历届立法会选举中得到遵循。鉴于在香港特别行政区第六届立法会选举中,出现了公开宣扬“港独”的人参选并当选的情况,有必要明确参选或者出任香港基本法第一百零四条规定公职的人必须拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区。为此,本解释(草案)第一条规定:“《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》第一百零四条规定的‘拥护中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法,效忠中华人民共和国香港特别行政区’,既是该条规定的宣誓必须包含的法定内容,也是参选或者出任该条所列公职的法定要求和条件。”
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