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廉价药断供危及数十万患者 10元救命药黑市炒过万

2016-10-24 08:53:33   北京青年报

除了上述两种药品,还有平阳霉素、放线菌素D等“救命药”频频出现药荒,导致手术延迟、抗癌治疗中断,不少患者因此错过了最佳抢救期、治疗期。随之产生的则是黄牛市场等乱象的出现。

面对这种状况,国家出台相应政策缓解“救命药”短缺。今年3月份,国家卫计委发出通知,对临床必需、用量小、市场供应短缺的药品实施定点生产。名单目录中包括多次发生断货的放线菌素D注射剂、促皮质素注射剂、硫酸鱼精蛋白注射剂、盐酸平阳霉素注射剂等16种廉价短缺药。两个月后传来消息,国内两家企业陆续恢复生产硫酸鱼精蛋白注射液。

日前,国家卫计委发布《2016年临床必需、用量小、市场供应短缺药品定点生产企业招标公告》,将9种药品通过招标选择生产企业,为政府办基层医疗卫生机构和公立医院供应定点生产品种,推动恢复生产供应。专家认为,除了政策上的规范与支持,最重要的还是要以需定产,才能保障救命药供给的持续性。

市场上为何难找廉价药

2014年5月,国家发改委发布《发改委定价范围内的低价药品目录》,共涉及533个品种1154个剂型。国家低价药品目录筛选标准为:中成药日服用费用不超过5元,化学药日服用费用不超过3元。根据政策,这些目录内的药品将取消政府制定的最高零售价,由生产者根据成本和市场供应自行制定销售价格。很多廉价药因此上涨了零售价格。但是第二年该政策发生变化,药品最高零售限价政策取消,药品分类采购、医保支付价、医院二次议价等价格形成机制在实践中交错,客观导致价格信号进入一个更加不稳定时期,不利于药品企业生产,更使得廉价药命运多舛。

以治疗甲亢的甲巯咪唑片和丙硫氧嘧啶片为例,原来每瓶100片的零售价格只有一两元钱,如今涨到了14.1元一瓶,但是在医院药房、街边药店,它的地位仍然是坐冷板凳。

在一家知名大药店,当药剂师得知北青报记者在寻找治疗甲亢的药品——甲巯咪唑片和丙硫氧嘧啶片时,立即推荐一种德国进口的甲巯咪唑片——赛治,规格是10毫克×50片一盒,每盒33.1元,并表示没有其他同类药品可供选择。但就在北青报记者嫌价格太贵正要离开的时候,这位药剂师又从货架最底层掏出一小瓶药品——丙硫氧嘧啶片(上海朝晖药业有限公司),规格为50毫克×100片一瓶,每瓶14.1元。很显然,尽管与以前相比丙硫氧嘧啶片价格上涨了至少7倍,但仍然成不了商家的心头好。

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