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俄罗斯还有一批艺术大师,像音乐家柴可夫斯基、画家列宾等。我为什么对列宾印象很深刻呢?当时,在农村还能够发现一批美术杂志,那是非常宝贵的资料,我就一本一本地看。其中,有一篇专门介绍列宾的油画《意外归来》,讲一个流放的革命志士突然回家的场景,那幅画给我深刻印象,那篇文章也写得不错。


5、插队时走30里路去借《浮士德》
德国的文艺作品比较大气恢弘,像歌德、席勒的作品。我14岁看《少年维特之烦恼》,后来看的《浮士德》。当时,《浮士德》的汉译本有三种。访问德国的时候,我跟他们讲,我演讲中提到的一些东西不是谁给我预备的材料,确实都是我自己看过的。比如,歌德的《浮士德》这本书,我是在上山下乡时,从30里外的一个知青那儿借来的。他是北京五十七中的学生,老是在我面前吹牛,说他有《浮士德》。我就去找他,说借我看看吧,我肯定还你。当时,我看了也是爱不释手。后来他等急了,一到赶集的时候,就通过别人传话,要我把书给捎回去。过了一段时间,他还是不放心,又专门走了30里路来取这本书。我说,你还真是到家门口来讨书了,那我还给你吧。《浮士德》确实不太好读,想象力很丰富。我跟默克尔总理说,也跟德国汉学家说,我当时看《浮士德》看不太明白。他们说,不要说你们了,我们德国人也不是都能看明白。我说,那看来不是因为我太笨。

6、两次踏访
海明威的写作之地
美国的作品,我看得不多。像惠特曼的自由诗《草叶集》,再有就是马克·吐温的作品,《竞选州长》里的那个小片段给人印象深刻,还有《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。我喜欢的是杰克·伦敦,像他的《海狼》《荒野的呼唤》《热爱生命》。《热爱生命》是列宁的枕边书,列宁在生命弥留之际仍请人给他朗读这本书。海明威的《老人与海》对狂风和暴雨、巨浪和小船、老人和鲨鱼的描写,给我留下了深刻印象。所以,我就想体验一下当年海明威写下那些故事时的精神世界和实地氛围。
我去过古巴两次,第一次是在福建工作时去的。我说,我们找找海明威当年写作的那个遗址吧。后来,到了他写《老人与海》的那个栈桥边,场景和小说中的一模一样,几个黑人孩子在那儿戏水,旁边有一个酒店,这个酒店是他写作的地方。我们专门在那儿吃了一顿饭。第二次去古巴的时候,我已经是国家副主席,他们听说我想了解海明威,就带我到了城里面一个海明威经常去的酒吧。他曾经在那个酒吧里写作。海明威最爱喝的一种饮料叫“莫希托”,是用朗姆酒配薄荷叶,再加冰块和白糖制成的。《老人与海》描述的那种精神,确实是一种永恒的精神。
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