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【迷彩先生迷彩军事快评第711期】
导语:辽宁舰日前又出海训练了,官方媒体公布了多张最新辽宁舰图片,值得注意的是这次辽宁舰上出现了近10架舰载机是有史以来最多的一次,这表明中国辽宁舰正在进行相关战斗型航母方向训练,对航母作战能力的形成有重要的意义。

笔者注意到甲板上一共出现了8架歼-15重型舰载战斗机,直-8和直-9分别各一架。歼-15战机我们都比较熟悉了是中国海军第一种担任舰队防空和对空对海对地作战的重要武器,8架的数量可以组成一个舰载机编队,而按照辽宁舰的设计,甲板上至少还能够停放一个编队的歼-15战机,舰载机的数量是航母作战能力的重要体现。

以美军尼米兹核动力航空母舰为例,其甲板上可以停放至少30架战斗机和各类补助机型,而中国的辽宁舰是滑跃式甲板,所以甲板上能够停放的舰载机数量是有限的,按照俄罗斯库兹涅佐夫号航母的设计能够停放12~15架舰载机,这在中型航母当中已经处于饱和状态了,对于常规动力航母来说已经足够。

航空母舰的飞行甲板主要是供舰载机停放和起落用的,为了能停放尽可能多的飞机,以及飞机起飞、降落时所受的干扰小些,航母需采用比起船体宽度要大得多的飞行甲板。特别是斜直两段式甲板出现后,要进一步将起飞段板和着陆段区别开来,所以飞行甲板宽度更呈增加趋势。一般说来,大型航母的飞行甲板宽度几乎是舰体宽度的2倍,中小型航母的23世界海军知识飞行甲板宽度约是舰体宽度的1.5倍。飞行甲板和机库甲板上的可用的空间及其布局,决定了航母所能容纳的飞机数量。而飞行甲板能够停放的飞机数量成为决定航母作战能力的核心因素之一,起飞方式的不同也主要体现这个地方。

辽宁舰上的作战机群,数量最多的是空中优势和攻击的战机(歼-15和未来或将服役歼-31舰载机型),另外,还配有作为对海对空预警(运-12改装形成舰载预警机)、电子对抗(歼-11D电子战机)、空中加油(目前还缺失可以用运12系列改装)、后勤和救援(直-9救援直升机)等作为任务支援性飞机。
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