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这项技术中国独有 为核不扩散作出新贡献(图)

2016-07-28 08:49:01   观察者网

微堆低浓化改造,是降低高浓铀流失风险、提升核安保水平的有力举措,也是中美核安保领域合作的重要内容。国家原子能机构将本着自愿、务实的原则,与其他国家分享低浓化改造技术经验,协商开展类似改造项目,全面提升全球核安保水平。

2011年底,中国国家原子能机构批准中国原子能科学研究院与美国能源部阿贡实验室合作,对原子能院微堆进行低浓化改造,卸出微堆高浓铀堆芯,装入低浓铀燃料堆芯。

微堆低浓化改造涉及堆芯物理设计、结构设计、燃料组件设计制造、装卸料、乏燃料管理、反应堆实验调试等诸多环节。改造过程中,工程技术人员攻克了一批关键技术,确保了微堆的核安全。

“最难的是堆芯设计。”李义国说,“由于低浓铀堆芯的燃料芯体和包壳材料与之前的不同,其热工、物理性能等也均有较大不同,须重新进行物理、热工和结构设计,且只能在原有小尺寸的堆芯空间内做出合理调整,设计难度大大增加。”

2014年年3月4日,中国原子能科学研究院在微型反应堆临界装置上开展低浓铀净堆首次临界实验,并安全达到临界,这标志着微堆燃料富集度从原先的90%降至12.5%是成功的,微堆低浓化工作由此进入全面实施阶段。

据介绍,该堆的主要用途包括中子活化分析、核仪器探头的考验、教学及培训、少量同位素生产等。改造后的微堆固有安全性更高,一次装料可运行30年。

中核集团董事长孙勤认为,首座微堆低浓化后首次满功率运行意味着原子能院已完全掌握了微堆低浓化的全套技术。

延伸阅读:

微堆具体能用来干啥?

2008年,“长相”精致的微堆曾经展示大“威力”,它与央视、清西陵及北京市法医检验鉴定中心等共同揭开了困扰史学界的百年谜案——清光绪帝之死因。

该专题研究由光绪帝遗物发辫入手,历时五年,利用微堆中子活化分析技术测试了发辫中砷的含量,并结合其他技术手段,经科学研究分析测算表明光绪的头发截段和衣物上含有剧毒砒霜,而其腐败尸体仅沾染在部分衣物和头发上的砒霜总量就已高达约201毫克。

清光绪帝头发As的分析

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