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这项技术中国独有 为核不扩散作出新贡献(图)

2016-07-28 08:49:01   观察者网

开展微堆燃料低浓化工作,既符合我国核不扩散的国际政策,也能更有效地防止核扩散,并能在国内外推广微堆方面起到积极作用。

中国掌握微堆低浓化的全套技术

微堆离我们的生活并不远。微堆是一种小型、低功率、固有安全性好、容易操作的反应堆装置,可以建设在大中城市人口稠密的大学、科研单位等,能够广泛应用于中子活化分析、放射性同位素制备、教学培训、反应堆物理实验及仪器考验。

瑞士洛桑的一座实验型微堆

“从1984年至今,我们利用微堆分析的样品多种多样,上至天文、下至地理,涉及地质学、地球化学、生命科学等众多学科。”原子能院微堆室主任李义国说,分析结果为不少研究提供了科学依据。

我国的微堆研究建造可追溯到上世纪70年代末、80年代初。经过多种物理设计方案的理论计算和零功率实验验证,1984年3月,原子能院自主开发设计建造的我国第一座微堆顺利建成并投入满功率运行。

此后,该院为国内外用户设计和建造了9座商用微堆,其中5座出口到了巴基斯坦、伊朗、加纳、叙利亚、尼日利亚,加纳微堆于1995年建成。这些微堆已累计安全运行超过100堆·年,为国家创造了巨大的经济效益。

“过去,我们微堆使用武器级的高浓铀作为燃料。燃料棒一旦流失,就可能造成核材料扩散的威胁。”李义国解释,由于所用燃料的特殊性,微堆在推广中一直受到限制。

受国际大环境等多因素影响,国际原子能机构(IAEA)多次提出,希望微堆燃料实施低浓铀转化。

今年3月,经过5年攻关,该研究院成功对中国首座微堆——原型微堆实施了低浓化改造,并实现首次满功率运行。这是继核安保示范中心建成运行后,我国在核安保领域取得的又一重要成绩,也是中美核安保合作的重大成果,被写入《中美核安全合作联合声明》。

3月26日,我国首座微堆圆满完成低浓化改造,实现首次满功率运行

原子能院的原型微堆的每一根燃料元件的直径仅有5毫米,换言之只有约5张纸的厚度,每两根元件间隙只有5.48毫米,这些燃料元件被放置在实验用的“鸟笼架”内。“鸟笼架”是直径240毫米、高270毫米的狭小空间,也就是该堆的堆芯。

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