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专家解读雷洋尸检鉴定意见:呕吐物误入呼吸道

2016-06-30 20:09:37   正义网

对话北京检方法医:法医专家解读雷洋尸检鉴定意见

雷洋死因鉴定意见公布后,正义网记者独家采访了全国检察技术人才库成员、北京市检察业务专家、北京市人民检察院王居生法医。

王居生从事法医病理和法医临床检验鉴定工作近30年,曾参与北京市多起重大疑难案件的办理。在雷洋案中,王居生受北京市人民检察院的指派,全程见证了雷洋死因的鉴定过程。

问:雷洋死因鉴定意见已经向社会公布。您能否向公众通俗解释一下?

答:雷洋死因的鉴定意见是“死者雷洋符合胃内容物吸入呼吸道致窒息死亡”,通俗来说,就是呕吐物误吸入了呼吸道导致窒息死亡。

问:什么情况下会造成呕吐物误吸入呼吸道?

答:正常情况下,人的会厌反射很灵敏,异物进入呼吸道会出现剧烈的呛咳反应,因此呕吐物不易进入呼吸道。但是在特殊情况下,比如,因颅脑外伤或者醉酒等原因,导致会厌反射灵敏度降低,当发生呕吐时,呕吐物会因呛咳反应减弱或消失而使呕吐物误吸入呼吸道。另外,因外力作用等因素导致呕吐物不能顺利排出,也会造成误吸;老人和婴儿也可能因自身原因而出现误吸。至于导致雷洋误吸的原因,还需要结合整体鉴定意见和下一步侦查工作予以确认。

问:鉴定工作一开始,公众就期待尽快得知尸检结果。现在来看,雷洋尸检的鉴定时间超过了一些专家的预判。作为检察机关指派的见证人,请您介绍一下具体情况?

答:按照《司法鉴定程序通则》规定,鉴定应当在30个工作日内完成,特殊情况可以延长。对于本案而言,社会关注度较高,鉴定机构进行了深入细致、客观全面的检查,仅解剖检验过程就持续了十多个小时。在组织病理学检验阶段制作了257张病理切片,这远远超出了通常尸体检验的工作量。另外,为保证鉴定意见的权威性,鉴定机构还多次聘请了国内著名法医学专家进行论证。根据委托协议,鉴定期限为45—60个工作日。现在看来,鉴定工作没有超过委托协议期限。

此外,北京市人民检察院还指派法医全程见证了鉴定过程。在确保不影响解剖工作的前提下,经征得鉴定机构同意,检察机关允许雷洋家属委托的代理律师、法医专家见证人以及检察机关邀请的具有人大代表、政协委员身份的特邀监督员、特约检察员共同见证了解剖过程。其中安排检察机关的特邀监督员、特约检察员参与见证是我们对类似案件尸体解剖见证监督工作的探索,也是对检察机关自身工作的监督。就本案而言,允许受害人委托的代理律师参与见证解剖过程,对向家属如实反映相关情况起到了积极作用。

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