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发改委官员受贿案:涉58家药企 药品定价成焦点

2016-06-21 14:08:16   21世纪经济报道

据了解,此前我国的药品定价绝大部分通过市场定价,归口国家发改委价格司医药处定价的主要是两种:一是医保目录药品价格的审批;二是麻醉品、毒品等特殊药品的价格审批。

在上述媒体曝光的细节中可以看到,药品定价中存在各种寻租的环节,如单独定价、专利定价、不纳入国家定价范畴、减少降价幅度、上调价格、认定优质优价药品、不执行差别定价等多种方式。

某药企负责人向21世纪经济报道记者解释称,所谓“单独定价”即是多家生产同种药品的企业中,某产品在质量、疗效、安全性、技术创新等方面存在显著优势,该企业就可以向国家发改委申请高于功能相似的同种药品的单独定价。

这意味着谁家拿到单独定价权谁家产品价格就能远远高于同类产品,企业将有更多的获利空间。

而为了保证公平公正,单独定价时,发改委会邀请相关专家进行论证。“单独定价没有硬性标准,自由裁量权很大,最终决定权还是在发改委本身。”上述负责人表示。

史立臣向21世纪经济报道记者指出,“比如发改委主导的某种药品今天降价,明天便会停产;通过对规格、剂型、工艺等方面进行‘改良’后,此药会改头换面,重新报价,投放市场。而且价格较之以往还更高。”

此前针对药品单独定价问题,中国医药企业管理协会会长于明德向媒体表示,在享有单独定价权力后,该药品价格马上拔地而起,药企从中获利良多。

而针对中药市场展开的优质优价药品评定也同样成为寻租的一个环节。所谓优质优价药品,是指国家价格主管部门按照药品质量的差异,来单独确定政府指导价,让质量好的中成药价格高,质量差的中成药价格低,使中成药的质量差异通过价格反映出来。根据这一规定,优质优价中成药和其他同规格、同质量层次产品的差价率,最高的达到2.42倍,最低的为14.2%。

“变味的”药品招标

但此后发展与民众愿望再次南辕北辙。在发改委放开药品定价权后,人们发现另一个对药价产生直接影响的部门开始崛起:卫计委系统及相应的药品招标。

据了解,药品招标制度旨在通过政府统一采购,降低药品进入医院时的价格,防止企业和医院之间通过商业贿赂抬高药价。企业的药品只有先在卫计委中标,才能进入医院的采购名单。最初,药品招标采购主体是医院自身,后来逐步发展出第三方的药品招标代理机构,最后演变为各地卫计委统一进行药品招标。

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