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2016年山东高考语文试题及答案

2016-06-07 19:58:00   齐鲁晚报

至于同属唐人古体,五言和七言又有所差别,这个问题比较微妙,须细心体察。我们看五七言的区分,虽只在每句相差两个字上,但造成的节奏感和韵调感却很不一样。五言字少,念起来有一种安详舒缓的气度,近乎平时的语调;七言音促,上口时会给人以发扬蹈厉的感觉,类似于朗诵或歌唱表演的声腔。试读“杜陵有布衣,老大意转拙,许身一何惑。窃比稷与契”(杜甫《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》),或者像“暮投石壕村,有吏夜捉人。老翁逾墙走,老妇出门看”(杜甫《石壕吏》)这样的句子,无论叙事还是抒情,口气何等自然平实,不带任何拖腔。但如“少陵野老吞声哭,春日潜行曲江曲,江头宫殿锁干门,细柳新蒲为谁颦”(杜甫《襄江头》),以至于“中兴诸将收山东,捷书夜报清昼同,河广传闻一苇过,胡危命在破竹中”(杜甫《洗兵马》)则不管是悲慨还是喜颂,是仄脚还是平收,念起来都有一种异乎寻常说话的调门。抑扬顿挫,铿锵成韵。我国古代传统上有读诗和歌诗的区分,西洋歌剧音乐亦有宣叙调与咏叹调的歧异,五言和七言在调式上的分别大抵如此。这就是为什么五七言古诗尽管都起源于民歌,而五言诗在东汉叶以后即日渐脱离音乐,取得独立的发展,七言诗却长时期停留在乐府歌行体的范围内,直到唐代还常以七言短章合乐歌唱的缘故。

(节选自陈伯海《唐诗学引论》,有删改)

6.关于古体诗,下列表述符合原文意思的一项是

A.古体诗产生于唐代以前,在唐出现篇幅短小、格律严整、生命力更强的近体诗后,逐渐走向衰微。

B.古体诗的格律限制并不严格,因而形成了篇幅可长可短,押韵自由灵活,不必拘守对偶与声律的特点。

C.古体诗在形式上有四言、五言、七言、杂言等多种;唐人古体以五言、七言为主,更似绝句律诗。

D.五七言古体至唐而新变,是多种因素作用的结果;唐人古体虽为“古体”,其实已与以往古风不同。

7.下列关于“汉魏古诗”和“唐人古诗”的理解与分析,不正确的一项是

A.汉魏古诗大多局限于比较单纯的抒情写景,在作品表现范围上,不像唐人所作古诗那样开阔。

B.就含蓄淳厚的作风而言,汉魏古诗略胜一筹;就表情达意的功能而论,唐人古诗则更具优势。

C.唐人古诗有的在今体诗的影响下表现为声律和谐与对仗工整,有的继承汉魏古诗有意“反律化”。

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