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全国性禁烟立法或允许室内吸烟区 被指"开倒车"

2016-06-01 07:37:14   新华网

2015年6月1日,铁路卫生监督工作人员在北京西站一咖啡厅内检查是否有禁烟标识。新京报记者王贵彬摄

昨日是第二十九个世界无烟日。在世卫组织驻华代表施贺德和全国人大常委、教科文卫委员会副主任委员王陇德等控烟倡导者看来,这个无烟日“山雨欲来”。

《公共场所控制吸烟条例》(下称条例)征求意见稿曾明确“在公共场所、工作场所室内全面禁烟”。但昨日,据王陇德等参与条例起草讨论的专家介绍,条例草案的最新版本,已将“全面禁烟”修改为“选择性禁烟”,出现了“餐厅、酒吧、咖啡厅、茶楼、歌舞厅、棋牌室等娱乐场所可以设吸烟区”等条款。

据了解,国家层面的控烟立法已列入今年力争完成的立法项目,目前控烟立法已进入最后阶段。“我们对此非常失望”,王陇德对新京报记者说,从“全面禁烟”到“选择性禁烟”的变化,相当于国家控烟立法开了“倒车”,“没想到倒退这么厉害。”

施贺德、王陇德等控烟倡导者都认为,是全面禁烟还是选择性禁烟,这关乎中国控烟成败,“现在正是紧急关头,让无辜和受害群体暴露在致命的二手烟环境中是不被接受的,必须停止这一切。中国需要一部严厉的100%全面禁烟的控烟立法——仅此而已。”施贺德说。

焦点1

室内设吸烟区是否会让立法落空?

“全面禁烟”改为“选择性禁烟”是否合理、可行?对此,施贺德持反对观点。他表示,全球经验表明,带有漏洞和例外的(室内公共场所)无烟立法会使执法难上加难。

中国一些城市的控烟实践也证实了这一观点。

深圳慢病中心科长熊静帆表示,由于深圳控烟条例允许酒吧、桑拿等娱乐场所设立吸烟区,导致控烟效果非常差,“下一步工作重点就是取消这一类场所的缓冲期,做到深圳室内工作场所和公共场所全面无烟”。

哈尔滨市控烟办主任张敬东也表示,只有全面无烟立法,才能有效开展执法,“国家在制定控烟法律的时候不能放水,不能开口子”。他举例说,由于首都机场率先取消了吸烟室,哈尔滨机场取缔吸烟室的过程变得异常顺利,只用了不到一个月,“我们感觉只有全面实施公共场所禁烟,才能真正使人民健康受益,对开展有效执法工作也是重要的保障”。

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